योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-6, verse-17

केनापि कारणेनोर्वीतलमर्कमुपागतम् ।
ब्राह्मेण तेजसाक्रान्तं क्षात्रेण च महौजसा ॥ १७ ॥

kenāpi kāraṇenorvītalamarkamupāgatam ,
brāhmeṇa tejasākrāntaṃ kṣātreṇa ca mahaujasā 17

17. kena api kāraṇena urvītalam arkam upāgatam
brāhmeṇa tejasā ākrāntam kṣātreṇa ca mahaujasā

17. As if the very sun had descended to the surface of the earth for some reason, he was enveloped by both the spiritual radiance of a Brahmin and the immense power of a warrior.

Words meanings summery:

• केन (kena) - by some (when combined with 'api') (by what, by whom, by which)

• अपि (api) - some or any (when combined with 'kena') (also, even, too, (interrogative particle), (makes indefinite when combined with interrogative pronoun))

• कारणेन (kāraṇena) - by reason, by cause, on account of

• उर्वीतलम् (urvītalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

• अर्कम् (arkam) - the sun

• उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approached, arrived, come near

• ब्राह्मेण (brāhmeṇa) - refers to the power or radiance of a Brahmin or Brahman. (by Brahminical, by sacred, by divine, relating to Brahman)

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by power, by splendor, by spiritual energy

• आक्रान्तम् (ākrāntam) - pervaded, overwhelmed, overcome, attacked

• क्षात्रेण (kṣātreṇa) - by warrior-like, by royal, relating to the kṣatriya class

• च (ca) - and

• महौजसा (mahaujasā) - by great power, by great energy, by great vigor

Words meanings and morphology

केन (kena) - by some (when combined with 'api') (by what, by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अपि (api) - some or any (when combined with 'kena') (also, even, too, (interrogative particle), (makes indefinite when combined with interrogative pronoun))

(indeclinable)

कारणेन (kāraṇena) - by reason, by cause, on account of

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

उर्वीतलम् (urvītalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of urvītala

urvītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (urvī+tala)

• urvī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'upāgatam'.

अर्कम् (arkam) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray of light, fire

Note: Object of the participle 'upāgatam' in the simile. It is here in apposition to the object of the main verb in the preceding sentence.

उपागतम् (upāgatam) - approached, arrived, come near

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing 'arkam' (the sun) within the simile. It also agrees in gender/number/case with the implicit subject (Viśvāmitra) being described by the simile.

ब्राह्मेण (brāhmeṇa) - refers to the power or radiance of a Brahmin or Brahman. (by Brahminical, by sacred, by divine, relating to Brahman)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahman, sacred, divine, Brahminical

Derived from 'brahman'

Note: Qualifies 'tejasā'.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by power, by splendor, by spiritual energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - radiance, brilliance, power, energy, splendor

Note: Instrumental case indicating agency or means.

आक्रान्तम् (ākrāntam) - pervaded, overwhelmed, overcome, attacked

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ākrānta

ākrānta - overcome, pervaded, attacked, seized

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kram (to step) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing the subject (Viśvāmitra).

क्षात्रेण (kṣātreṇa) - by warrior-like, by royal, relating to the kṣatriya class

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kṣātra

kṣātra - relating to a kṣatriya, warrior-like, royal, martial

Derived from 'kṣatra'

Note: Qualifies 'mahaujasā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'brāhmeṇa tejasā' and 'kṣātreṇa mahaujasā'.

महौजसा (mahaujasā) - by great power, by great energy, by great vigor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahāujas

mahāujas - great power, immense energy, mighty vigor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ojas)

• mahat – great, large, eminent
  adjective
• ojas – power, strength, vigor, energy, brilliance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrumental case, parallel to 'tejasā'.

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