वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-37, verse-50

स तु मर्मणि घोरेण ताडितो मन्मथेषुणा ।
न शर्म लभते रामः सिंहार्दित इव द्विपः ॥५०॥

50. sa tu marmaṇi ghoreṇa tāḍito manmatheṣuṇā ,
na śarma labhate rāmaḥ siṃhārdita iva dvipaḥ.

50. saḥ tu marmaṇi ghoreṇa tāḍitaḥ manmatheṣuṇā na
śarma labhate rāmaḥ siṃhārāditaḥ iva dvipaḥ

50. tu saḥ rāmaḥ ghoreṇa manmatheṣuṇā marmaṇi tāḍitaḥ śarma na labhate siṃhārāditaḥ dvipaḥ iva.

50. But he, Rāma, struck in a vital spot by the terrible arrow of Kāma, finds no comfort, like an elephant tormented by a lion.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• मर्मणि (marmaṇi) - in a vital spot, vulnerable point

• घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by a terrible, dreadful

• ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, smitten, hit

• मन्मथेषुणा (manmatheṣuṇā) - by the arrow of Kāma (Manmatha)

• न (na) - not

• शर्म (śarma) - comfort, happiness, shelter

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, finds, gets

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

• सिंहारादितः (siṁhārāditaḥ) - tormented/distressed by a lion

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

मर्मणि (marmaṇi) - in a vital spot, vulnerable point

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of marman

marman - vital spot, vulnerable point, secret

Root: mṛ (class 6)

घोरेण (ghoreṇa) - by a terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fierce

Note: Agrees with manmatheṣuṇā.

ताडितः (tāḍitaḥ) - struck, smitten, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāḍita

tāḍita - struck, beaten, smitten

past passive participle

From root taḍ (to strike).

Root: taḍ (class 10)

Note: Functions as an adjective here.

मन्मथेषुणा (manmatheṣuṇā) - by the arrow of Kāma (Manmatha)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manmatheṣu

manmatheṣu - arrow of Manmatha (Kāma, god of love)

Compound of Manmatha (god of love) and iṣu (arrow).

Compound type : tatpurusha (manmatha+iṣu)

• manmatha – Kāma (god of love); agitation of mind
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: manth (class 1)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

शर्म (śarma) - comfort, happiness, shelter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - shelter, refuge, happiness, comfort, joy

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: Object of 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - obtains, finds, gets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of labh

present tense

From root labh, present tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: labh (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a legendary prince)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'labhate'.

सिंहारादितः (siṁhārāditaḥ) - tormented/distressed by a lion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhārādita

siṁhārādita - tormented by a lion

past passive participle

From root ārd (to torment) with upasarga siṃha (lion - as agent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (siṃha+ārdita)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• ārdita – tormented, afflicted, distressed
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From root ṛd (to afflict), with ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing dvipaḥ and implicitly Rāmaḥ (as part of simile).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'that which drinks twice' referring to its trunk and mouth)

Compound of dvi (two) and pa (drinker, from root pā).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root pā (to drink/protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile.