वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-37, verse-24

कथं नु खलु दुष्पारं तरिष्यन्ति महोदधिम् ।
तानि हर्यृक्षसैन्यानि तौ वा नरवरात्मजौ ॥२४॥

24. kathaṃ nu khalu duṣpāraṃ tariṣyanti mahodadhim ,
tāni haryṛkṣasainyāni tau vā naravarātmajau.

24. katham nu khalu duṣpāram tariṣyanti mahodadhim
tāni haryṛkṣasainyāni tau vā naravarātmajau

24. tāni haryṛkṣasainyāni tau vā naravarātmajau
katham nu khalu duṣpāram mahodadhim tariṣyanti

24. How indeed will those armies of monkeys and bears, or those two sons of the best of men, cross this great, impassable ocean?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly (particle)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, truly, certainly (particle)

• दुष्पारम् (duṣpāram) - difficult to cross, impassable

• तरिष्यन्ति (tariṣyanti) - they will cross

• महोदधिम् (mahodadhim) - the great ocean

• तानि (tāni) - those

• हर्यृक्षसैन्यानि (haryṛkṣasainyāni) - armies of monkeys and bears

• तौ (tau) - referring to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (those two)

• वा (vā) - or

• नरवरात्मजौ (naravarātmajau) - referring to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (the two sons of the best of men)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, truly, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

दुष्पारम् (duṣpāram) - difficult to cross, impassable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duṣpāra

duṣpāra - difficult to cross, impassable

formed with the prefix dus- (bad, difficult)

Compound type : Pradi-samāsa (dus+pāra)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• pāra – the opposite bank, crossing, reaching the other side
  noun (masculine)
  from root pṛ (to cross)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: agrees with mahodadhim

तरिष्यन्ति (tariṣyanti) - they will cross

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of tṝ

future tense form

Root: tṝ (class 1)

महोदधिम् (mahodadhim) - the great ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahodadhi

mahodadhi - great ocean

mahā + udadhi = mahodadhi (guṇa sandhi)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahat+udadhi)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• udadhi – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  literally 'water container'

तानि (tāni) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: agrees with haryṛkṣasainyāni

हर्यृक्षसैन्यानि (haryṛkṣasainyāni) - armies of monkeys and bears

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of haryṛkṣasainya

haryṛkṣasainya - armies of monkeys and bears

compound of hari (monkey), ṛkṣa (bear), and sainya (army)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (hari+ṛkṣa+sainya)

• hari – monkey, tawny
  noun (masculine)
• ṛkṣa – bear
  noun (masculine)
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  from senā (army)

तौ (tau) - referring to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: agrees with naravarātmajau

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

नरवरात्मजौ (naravarātmajau) - referring to Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa (the two sons of the best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of naravarātmaja

naravarātmaja - son of the best of men, prince

nara-vara (best of men) + ātma-ja (born of oneself, son)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (naravara+ātmaja)

• nara – man
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent
  adjective
• ātmaja – son, born of self
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman (self) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)