मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-45, verse-55
तस्माच्चतुर्गुणा ह्यापो विज्ञेयास्ता रसात्मिकाः ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपञ्च रसो गन्धं समाविशत् ॥५५॥
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपञ्च रसो गन्धं समाविशत् ॥५५॥
55. tasmāccaturguṇā hyāpo vijñeyāstā rasātmikāḥ .
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpañca raso gandhaṃ samāviśat.
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpañca raso gandhaṃ samāviśat.
55.
tasmāt ca caturguṇāḥ hi āpaḥ vijñeyāḥ tāḥ rasātmikāḥ
śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpaṃ ca rasaḥ gandham samāviśat
śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpaṃ ca rasaḥ gandham samāviśat
55.
Therefore, indeed, those waters (apas) are to be known as fourfold, their essence being taste. Then, sound, touch, form, and taste gave rise to the subtle element of smell.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, thence
- च (ca) - and, also
- चतुर्गुणाः (caturguṇāḥ) - possessing four qualities (sound, touch, form, and taste) (fourfold, having four qualities)
- हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
- आपः (āpaḥ) - waters, the element water
- विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - are to be known, understandable
- ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)
- रसात्मिकाः (rasātmikāḥ) - having taste as their nature, consisting of taste, essentially taste
- शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, the subtle element of sound
- स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, the subtle element of touch
- च (ca) - and, also
- रूपं (rūpaṁ) - form, the subtle element of form
- च (ca) - and, also
- रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, flavor, the subtle element of taste
- गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor, the subtle element of smell
- समाविशत् (samāviśat) - gave rise to or were succeeded by (entered, pervaded, comprised, comprehended, included)
Words meanings and morphology
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, thence
(indeclinable)
Ablative singular of tad
Note: Ablative of tad used as an adverb of cause/consequence.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
चतुर्गुणाः (caturguṇāḥ) - possessing four qualities (sound, touch, form, and taste) (fourfold, having four qualities)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of caturguṇa
caturguṇa - fourfold, having four qualities, multiplied by four
Compound: catur (four) + guṇa (quality)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+guṇa)
- catur – four
numeral - guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature, string, secondary quality
noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies āpaḥ
हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because
(indeclinable)
आपः (āpaḥ) - waters, the element water
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of ap
ap - water, waters, the element water
Always used in plural in this sense
Note: Subject
विज्ञेयाः (vijñeyāḥ) - are to be known, understandable
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vijñeya
vijñeya - to be known, to be understood, knowable
Gerundive
Gerundive from root jñā (to know) with prefix vi
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Used in a prescriptive sense 'are to be known'.
ताः (tāḥ) - those (feminine plural)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Feminine plural of tad
रसात्मिकाः (rasātmikāḥ) - having taste as their nature, consisting of taste, essentially taste
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of rasātmika
rasātmika - having taste as its nature, consisting of taste, essentially taste
Compound: rasa (taste) + ātmaka (having the nature of)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rasa+ātmaka)
- rasa – taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion
noun (masculine) - ātmaka – having the nature of, consisting of, characterized by
adjective (masculine)
Derived from ātman (self, soul) + ka suffix
Note: Predicative adjective for āpaḥ
शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, the subtle element of sound
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda
śabda - sound, word, noise, the subtle element of sound (śabdatanmātra)
Root: śabd (class 1)
Note: Part of a list of qualities
स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, the subtle element of touch
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa
sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch, subtle element of touch (sparśatanmātra)
derived from root spṛś (to touch)
Root: spṛś (class 6)
Note: Part of a list of qualities
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
रूपं (rūpaṁ) - form, the subtle element of form
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa
rūpa - form, shape, appearance, color, beauty, subtle element of form (rūpatanmātra)
Note: Part of a list of qualities
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, flavor, the subtle element of taste
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa
rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion, the subtle element of taste (rasatanmātra)
Root: ras (class 1)
Note: Part of a list of qualities
गन्धम् (gandham) - smell, odor, the subtle element of smell
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of gandha
gandha - smell, odor, perfume, fragrance, the subtle element of smell (gandhatanmātra)
Root: gandh (class 10)
Note: Accusative singular, object of samāviśat
समाविशत् (samāviśat) - gave rise to or were succeeded by (entered, pervaded, comprised, comprehended, included)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samāviś
Root viś with prefixes sam and ā
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: viś (class 6)
Note: Used here impersonally or with the preceding list of qualities as a collective subject.