मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-45, verse-22
धर्मज्ञानञ्च वैराग्यमैश्वर्यञ्च महात्मनः ।
तस्योपदेशेन विना न हि सिद्धं चतुष्टयम् ॥२२॥
तस्योपदेशेन विना न हि सिद्धं चतुष्टयम् ॥२२॥
22. dharmajñānañca vairāgyamaiśvaryañca mahātmanaḥ .
tasyopadeśena vinā na hi siddhaṃ catuṣṭayam.
tasyopadeśena vinā na hi siddhaṃ catuṣṭayam.
22.
dharmaḥ jñānam ca vairāgyam aiśvaryam ca mahātmanaḥ
| tasya upadeśena vinā na hi siddham catuṣṭayam
| tasya upadeśena vinā na hi siddham catuṣṭayam
22.
For the great soul, natural law (dharma), knowledge, dispassion, and lordliness (aiśvarya) [are qualities]. Without his instruction, this quartet is certainly not perfected.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
- ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)
- च (ca) - and, also
- वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - dispassion, detachment, indifference
- ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - lordliness, sovereignty, power, divine attribute
- च (ca) - and, also
- महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Brahmā (who is the great soul/being discussed) (of the great soul, of the magnanimous one)
- तस्य (tasya) - of Brahmā (of him, his)
- उपदेशेन (upadeśena) - by instruction, by teaching
- विना (vinā) - without, except for
- न (na) - not, no
- हि (hi) - certainly, indeed, for
- सिद्धम् (siddham) - perfected, accomplished, achieved
- चतुष्टयम् (catuṣṭayam) - the four qualities: dharma, jñāna, vairāgya, aiśvarya (quartet, group of four)
Words meanings and morphology
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: First item of the quartet.
ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Second item of the quartet.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - dispassion, detachment, indifference
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vairāgya
vairāgya - dispassion, detachment, indifference to worldly objects
Note: Third item of the quartet.
ऐश्वर्यम् (aiśvaryam) - lordliness, sovereignty, power, divine attribute
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of aiśvarya
aiśvarya - lordliness, sovereignty, power, wealth, divine attribute
Note: Fourth item of the quartet.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Brahmā (who is the great soul/being discussed) (of the great soul, of the magnanimous one)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman
mahātman - great soul, magnanimous, noble; a great being (ātman)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)
- mahat – great, large, vast
adjective - ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
noun (masculine)
Note: Possessive, indicating to whom these qualities belong.
तस्य (tasya) - of Brahmā (of him, his)
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to 'mahātmanaḥ' (Brahmā).
उपदेशेन (upadeśena) - by instruction, by teaching
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of upadeśa
upadeśa - instruction, teaching, advice, initiation
From root 'diś' with prefix 'upa'.
Prefix: upa
Root: diś (class 6)
Note: Agent in the sense of 'by means of'.
विना (vinā) - without, except for
(indeclinable)
Note: Preposition-like adverb.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Note: Negation.
हि (hi) - certainly, indeed, for
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
सिद्धम् (siddham) - perfected, accomplished, achieved
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of siddha
siddha - accomplished, achieved, perfected, successful
Past Passive Participle
From root 'sidh' (4th class).
Root: sidh (class 4)
Note: Predicate adjective, agreeing with 'catuṣṭayam'. Implies "is perfected".
चतुष्टयम् (catuṣṭayam) - the four qualities: dharma, jñāna, vairāgya, aiśvarya (quartet, group of four)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of catuṣṭaya
catuṣṭaya - a quartet, a group of four
From 'catur' (four) + 'ṭaya' (suffix forming collective nouns).
Note: Subject of the sentence.