मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-45, verse-37
यथा बीजं त्वचा तद्वदव्यक्तेनावृतो महान् ।
सात्त्विको राजसश्चैव तामसश्च त्रिधोदितः ॥३७॥
सात्त्विको राजसश्चैव तामसश्च त्रिधोदितः ॥३७॥
37. yathā bījaṃ tvacā tadvadavyaktenāvṛto mahān .
sāttviko rājasaścaiva tāmasaśca tridhoditaḥ.
sāttviko rājasaścaiva tāmasaśca tridhoditaḥ.
37.
yathā bījam tvacā tadvat avyaktena āvṛtaḥ mahān
sāttvikaḥ rājasaḥ ca eva tāmasaḥ ca tridhā uditaḥ
sāttvikaḥ rājasaḥ ca eva tāmasaḥ ca tridhā uditaḥ
37.
Just as a seed is covered by its husk, similarly the Great (mahat) principle is enveloped by the unmanifest (avyakta). This [mahat] is declared to be threefold: sattvic, rajasic, and tamasic.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way
- बीजम् (bījam) - seed, germ, origin
- त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin, by the bark, by the husk
- तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner, so
- अव्यक्तेन (avyaktena) - By the primordial unmanifest nature (avyakta) in Sāṅkhya philosophy. (by the unmanifest, by the unevolved)
- आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded
- महान् (mahān) - Referring to the Mahat principle (cosmic intellect) in Sāṅkhya philosophy. (the Great, the vast, the significant)
- सात्त्विकः (sāttvikaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa sattva. (sattvic, related to sattva, pure, good)
- राजसः (rājasaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa rajas. (rajasic, related to rajas, passionate, active)
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
- तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa tamas. (tamasic, related to tamas, dark, ignorant)
- च (ca) - and, also
- त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, threefold
- उदितः (uditaḥ) - said, declared, arisen, manifested
Words meanings and morphology
यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way
(indeclinable)
बीजम् (bījam) - seed, germ, origin
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of bīja
bīja - seed, germ, origin
त्वचा (tvacā) - by the skin, by the bark, by the husk
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvac
tvac - skin, hide, bark, husk
तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner, so
(indeclinable)
अव्यक्तेन (avyaktena) - By the primordial unmanifest nature (avyakta) in Sāṅkhya philosophy. (by the unmanifest, by the unevolved)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of avyakta
avyakta - unmanifest, unevolved, invisible
Negated past passive participle of root vyañj (to manifest).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyakta)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - vyakta – manifested, clear, visible
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root vyañj (to manifest) with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: vyañj (class 7)
Note: Used here substantively to refer to the unmanifested principle (prakṛti).
आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta
āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded
Past Passive Participle
From root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā.
Prefix: ā
Root: vṛ (class 5)
महान् (mahān) - Referring to the Mahat principle (cosmic intellect) in Sāṅkhya philosophy. (the Great, the vast, the significant)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat
mahat - great, large, vast, the Great principle (cosmic intellect)
Note: Here used as a substantive noun referring to the Mahat principle, which often takes masculine forms in Sāṅkhya texts when personified or treated as an entity.
सात्त्विकः (sāttvikaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa sattva. (sattvic, related to sattva, pure, good)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sāttvika
sāttvika - sattvic, related to sattva, pure, good, virtuous
Formed from sattva with the suffix -ika.
राजसः (rājasaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa rajas. (rajasic, related to rajas, passionate, active)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of rājasa
rājasa - rajasic, related to rajas, passionate, active, energetic
Formed from rajas with the suffix -a.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly
(indeclinable)
तामसः (tāmasaḥ) - The aspect of Mahat dominated by the guṇa tamas. (tamasic, related to tamas, dark, ignorant)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - tamasic, related to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull
Formed from tamas with the suffix -a.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three ways, threefold
(indeclinable)
Formed from tri (three) with the suffix -dhā (in ways).
उदितः (uditaḥ) - said, declared, arisen, manifested
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of udita
udita - said, declared, arisen, manifested, risen
Past Passive Participle
From root i (to go) with prefix ud (up).
Prefix: ud
Root: i (class 2)