मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-45, verse-38
ततस्तस्मादहङ्कारस्त्रिविधो वै व्यजायत ।
वैकारिकस्तैजसश्च भूतादिश्च सतामसः ॥३८॥
वैकारिकस्तैजसश्च भूतादिश्च सतामसः ॥३८॥
38. tatastasmādahaṅkārastrividho vai vyajāyata .
vaikārikastaijasaśca bhūtādiśca satāmasaḥ.
vaikārikastaijasaśca bhūtādiśca satāmasaḥ.
38.
tataḥ tasmāt ahaṅkāraḥ trividhaḥ vai vyajāyata
vaikārikaḥ taijasaḥ ca bhūtādiḥ ca sa-tāmasaḥ
vaikārikaḥ taijasaḥ ca bhūtādiḥ ca sa-tāmasaḥ
38.
Then, from that [Mahat], the ego (ahaṅkāra) indeed emerged in three forms: the vaikārika (sattvic), the taijasa (rajasic), and the bhūtādi (tamasic, associated with the origin of gross elements).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, thereupon
- तस्मात् (tasmāt) - From the Mahat principle mentioned in the previous verse. (from that, therefore)
- अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - The ego (ahaṅkāra) principle in Sāṅkhya philosophy, which arises from Mahat. (ego, egoism, self-sense)
- त्रिविधः (trividhaḥ) - threefold, of three kinds
- वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely
- व्यजायत (vyajāyata) - was born, emerged, originated
- वैकारिकः (vaikārikaḥ) - The sattvic aspect of ahaṅkāra, leading to sense organs and mind. (modificatory, relating to vikāra (modification), sattvic)
- तैजसः (taijasaḥ) - The rajasic aspect of ahaṅkāra, providing energy for creation. (luminous, fiery, energetic, rajasic)
- च (ca) - and, also
- भूतादिः (bhūtādiḥ) - The tamasic aspect of ahaṅkāra, from which the subtle elements originate. (origin of elements, primal element)
- च (ca) - and, also
- स-तामसः (sa-tāmasaḥ) - Explicitly stating that bhūtādi is the tamasic aspect. (with tamas, accompanied by tamas, tamasic)
Words meanings and morphology
ततः (tataḥ) - then, from that, thereupon
(indeclinable)
तस्मात् (tasmāt) - From the Mahat principle mentioned in the previous verse. (from that, therefore)
(pronoun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, it, he, she
Note: Refers to the Mahat, which is treated as masculine in this context.
अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - The ego (ahaṅkāra) principle in Sāṅkhya philosophy, which arises from Mahat. (ego, egoism, self-sense)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra
ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, self-sense, I-maker
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+kāra)
- aham – I
pronoun - kāra – maker, doer, causing, producing
noun (masculine)
From root kṛ (to do).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
त्रिविधः (trividhaḥ) - threefold, of three kinds
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of trividha
trividha - threefold, of three kinds
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+vidha)
- tri – three
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely
(indeclinable)
व्यजायत (vyajāyata) - was born, emerged, originated
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan
Imperfect
3rd person singular, middle voice, from root jan with prefix vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: jan (class 4)
वैकारिकः (vaikārikaḥ) - The sattvic aspect of ahaṅkāra, leading to sense organs and mind. (modificatory, relating to vikāra (modification), sattvic)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikārika
vaikārika - modificatory, relating to vikāra (modification), sattvic
From vikāra (modification) with suffix -ika.
Note: Used here substantively.
तैजसः (taijasaḥ) - The rajasic aspect of ahaṅkāra, providing energy for creation. (luminous, fiery, energetic, rajasic)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of taijasa
taijasa - luminous, fiery, energetic, rajasic, relating to light or energy
From tejas (light, energy) with suffix -a.
Note: Used here substantively.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
भूतादिः (bhūtādiḥ) - The tamasic aspect of ahaṅkāra, from which the subtle elements originate. (origin of elements, primal element)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtādi
bhūtādi - origin of elements, primal element
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+ādi)
- bhūta – element, being, creature, past
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root bhū (to be).
Root: bhū (class 1) - ādi – beginning, origin, first
noun (masculine)
Note: Used here substantively.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
स-तामसः (sa-tāmasaḥ) - Explicitly stating that bhūtādi is the tamasic aspect. (with tamas, accompanied by tamas, tamasic)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-tāmasa
sa-tāmasa - with tamas, accompanied by tamas, tamasic
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+tāmasa)
- sa – with, together with
indeclinable
Prefix meaning 'with'. - tāmasa – tamasic, related to tamas, dark, ignorant
adjective (masculine)
Formed from tamas with the suffix -a.