मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-22, verse-43
संग्रामे युध्यमाना येऽभीता गोद्विजरक्षणे ।
क्षुण्णाः शस्त्रैर्विपद्यन्ते त एव भुवि मानवाः ॥४३॥
क्षुण्णाः शस्त्रैर्विपद्यन्ते त एव भुवि मानवाः ॥४३॥
43. saṃgrāme yudhyamānā ye'bhītā godvijarakṣaṇe .
kṣuṇṇāḥ śastrairvipadyante ta eva bhuvi mānavāḥ.
kṣuṇṇāḥ śastrairvipadyante ta eva bhuvi mānavāḥ.
43.
saṃgrāme yudhyamānāḥ ye abhītāḥ godvijarakṣaṇe
kṣuṇṇāḥ śastraiḥ vipadyante te eva bhuvi mānavāḥ
kṣuṇṇāḥ śastraiḥ vipadyante te eva bhuvi mānavāḥ
43.
Those humans who fight fearlessly in battle for the protection of cows and brahmins, and die wounded by weapons—they alone are truly worthy on this earth.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in conflict
- युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting, battling, engaging in war
- ये (ye) - who, those who
- अभीताः (abhītāḥ) - fearless, unafraid
- गोद्विजरक्षणे (godvijarakṣaṇe) - in the protection of cows and brahmins
- क्षुण्णाः (kṣuṇṇāḥ) - wounded, struck, crushed
- शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons, by arms
- विपद्यन्ते (vipadyante) - they die, they perish, they fall
- ते (te) - they, those
- एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed
- भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, on the ground
- मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men, mankind
Words meanings and morphology
संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in conflict
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma
saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, struggle
युध्यमानाः (yudhyamānāḥ) - fighting, battling, engaging in war
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna
yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle
Present Middle Participle
Derived from the root √yudh (to fight), class 4.
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Modifies the implicit subject of 'ye'.
ये (ye) - who, those who
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yad
yad - who, which, what
Note: Refers to 'mānavāḥ'.
अभीताः (abhītāḥ) - fearless, unafraid
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of abhīta
abhīta - fearless, not afraid
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+bhīta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - bhīta – afraid, fearful
participle
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root √bhī (to fear), class 3.
Root: bhī (class 3)
गोद्विजरक्षणे (godvijarakṣaṇe) - in the protection of cows and brahmins
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of godvijarakṣaṇa
godvijarakṣaṇa - protection of cows and brahmins
Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (go+dvija+rakṣaṇa)
- go – cow, earth, ray of light
noun (feminine) - dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; also a bird, a tooth)
noun (masculine) - rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding, preserving
noun (neuter)
Derived from the root √rakṣ (to protect, guard).
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
क्षुण्णाः (kṣuṇṇāḥ) - wounded, struck, crushed
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣuṇṇa
kṣuṇṇa - crushed, pounded, wounded, trodden down
Past Passive Participle
Derived from the root √kṣuṇ (to crush, strike, hurt).
Root: kṣuṇ (class 10)
शस्त्रैः (śastraiḥ) - by weapons, by arms
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of śastra
śastra - weapon, arm, tool
विपद्यन्ते (vipadyante) - they die, they perish, they fall
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vi-pad
Prefix: vi
Root: pad (class 4)
ते (te) - they, those
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, this, he, she, it
एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed
(indeclinable)
भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, on the ground
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of bhū
bhū - earth, ground, place
मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men, mankind
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava
mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu