महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-97, verse-55

यैस्तु दुःशासनः सार्धं रथैः पूर्वं न्यवर्तत ।
ते भीतास्त्वभ्यधावन्त सर्वे द्रोणरथं प्रति ॥५५॥

55. yaistu duḥśāsanaḥ sārdhaṁ rathaiḥ pūrvaṁ nyavartata ,
te bhītāstvabhyadhāvanta sarve droṇarathaṁ prati.

55. yaiḥ tu duḥśāsanaḥ sārdham rathaiḥ pūrvam nyavartata
te bhītāḥ tu abhyadhāvanta sarve droṇaratham prati

55. yaiḥ rathaiḥ duḥśāsanaḥ sārdham pūrvam nyavartata
te sarve bhītāḥ tu droṇaratham prati abhyadhāvanta

55. All those chariots by which Duḥśāsana had previously returned, being frightened, now rushed towards Droṇa's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with, accompanied by

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

• न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - returned, turned back

• ते (te) - they, those

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, scared

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - ran towards, rushed

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Droṇa's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

Words meanings and morphology

यैः (yaiḥ) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yat

yat - which, who, what

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

(indeclinable)

न्यवर्तत (nyavartata) - returned, turned back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nivṛt

Root with prefix ni- forming 'nivṛt' meaning 'to turn back, return'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, fearful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

अभ्यधावन्त (abhyadhāvanta) - ran towards, rushed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhidhāv

Root with prefixes abhi- and ā- (or abhi- and the form is from 'dhāv' where 'ā' is part of the imperfect ending or an internal sandhi). Here 'abhyadhāvanta' is from abhi + a-dhāvan (imperfect of dhāv).

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

द्रोणरथम् (droṇaratham) - Droṇa's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇaratha

droṇaratha - Droṇa's chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+ratha)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a proper name, guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)