महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-97, verse-45

तं शब्दं तुमुलं श्रुत्वा द्रोणो यन्तारमब्रवीत् ।
एष सूत रणे क्रुद्धः सात्वतानां महारथः ॥४५॥

45. taṁ śabdaṁ tumulaṁ śrutvā droṇo yantāramabravīt ,
eṣa sūta raṇe kruddhaḥ sātvatānāṁ mahārathaḥ.

45. tam śabdam tumulam śrutvā droṇaḥ yantāram abravīt
eṣaḥ sūta raṇe kruddhaḥ sātvatānām mahārathaḥ

45. tumulam tam śabdam śrutvā droṇaḥ yantāram abravīt: "sūta,
eṣaḥ sātvatānām mahārathaḥ raṇe kruddhaḥ (asti)"

45. Having heard that tumultuous sound, Droṇa spoke to his charioteer: 'O charioteer, this great warrior of the Satvatas is enraged in battle.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound (sound, clamor)

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, terrible, turbulent)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper name))

• यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one

• सूत (sūta) - O charioteer

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

• सात्वतानाम् (sātvatānām) - of the Satvatas (of the Satvatas (a Yadava clan))

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 warriors))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative singular masculine of 'tad'.

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound (sound, clamor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Root: śabd (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, terrible, turbulent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, terrible, loud, great

Note: Agrees with 'śabdam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā' from root 'śru'.

Root: śru (class 5)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

यन्तारम् (yantāram) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, controller

Agent noun from root 'yam' (to control).

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Root 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Nominative singular masculine of 'etad'.

सूत (sūta) - O charioteer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Term of address within the quote.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged (enraged, angry, furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Past passive participle used adjectivally as predicate for 'eṣaḥ'.

सात्वतानाम् (sātvatānām) - of the Satvatas (of the Satvatas (a Yadava clan))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sātvata

sātvata - a descendant of Satvata, a member of the Yadava clan (to which Kṛṣṇa and Satyaki belonged)

Note: Modifies 'mahārathaḥ'.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior (great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 warriors))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who fights alone against ten thousand archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of 'mahat' (great).
• ratha – chariot (here metaphorically 'warrior' as in 'one who fights from a chariot')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate for 'eṣaḥ'.