महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-97, verse-48

विशस्त्रकवचा रुग्णास्तत्र तत्र पतन्ति च ।
न शक्नुवन्ति यन्तारः संयन्तुं तुमुले हयान् ॥४८॥

48. viśastrakavacā rugṇāstatra tatra patanti ca ,
na śaknuvanti yantāraḥ saṁyantuṁ tumule hayān.

48. viśastrakavacāḥ rugṇāḥ tatra tatra patanti ca
na śaknuvanti yantāraḥ saṃyantum tumule hayān

48. viśastrakavacāḥ rugṇāḥ ca tatra tatra patanti
yantāraḥ tumule hayān saṃyantum na śaknuvanti

48. Weaponless and armorless, the wounded are falling here and there. The charioteers are unable to control the horses in the fierce battle.

Words meanings summery:

• विशस्त्रकवचाः (viśastrakavacāḥ) - weaponless and armorless

• रुग्णाः (rugṇāḥ) - wounded, broken, sick

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• पतन्ति (patanti) - are falling, drop

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not

• शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - are able, can

• यन्तारः (yantāraḥ) - charioteers, drivers, controllers

• संयन्तुम् (saṁyantum) - to control, to restrain

• तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumult, in the fierce battle

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

Words meanings and morphology

विशस्त्रकवचाः (viśastrakavacāḥ) - weaponless and armorless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśastrakavaca

viśastrakavaca - deprived of weapons and armor, weaponless and armorless

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one for whom weapons and armor are gone'. 'vi' acts as a privative prefix in the compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+śastra+kavaca)

• vi – without, deprived of, separated
  indeclinable
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
• kavaca – armor, cuirass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the warriors.

रुग्णाः (rugṇāḥ) - wounded, broken, sick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rugṇa

rugṇa - broken, sick, wounded, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ruj (to break, to cause pain).

Root: ruj (class 6)

Note: Refers to the warriors.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

पतन्ति (patanti) - are falling, drop

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

Present 3rd plural Active.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'viśastrakavacāḥ rugṇāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - are able, can

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Active

Present 3rd plural Active. Root belongs to 5th class.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject is 'yantāraḥ'.

यन्तारः (yantāraḥ) - charioteers, drivers, controllers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yantṛ

yantṛ - driver, charioteer, controller, ruler

Agent noun

Derived from root √yam (to curb, restrain).

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'śaknuvanti'.

संयन्तुम् (saṁyantum) - to control, to restrain

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of saṃyam

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root √yam (to curb, restrain) with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the object of 'śaknuvanti'.

तुमुले (tumule) - in the tumult, in the fierce battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, fierce; a tumult, a fierce battle

Note: Adverbial usage specifying the location/context.

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of 'saṃyantum'.