महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-97, verse-54

ते वध्यमानाः समरे युयुधानेन तावकाः ।
युयुधानरथं त्यक्त्वा द्रोणानीकाय दुद्रुवुः ॥५४॥

54. te vadhyamānāḥ samare yuyudhānena tāvakāḥ ,
yuyudhānarathaṁ tyaktvā droṇānīkāya dudruvuḥ.

54. te vadhyamānāḥ samare yuyudhānena tāvakāḥ
yuyudhānaratham tyaktvā droṇānīkāya dudruvuḥ

54. yuyudhānena samare vadhyamānāḥ te tāvakāḥ
yuyudhānaratham tyaktvā droṇānīkāya dudruvuḥ

54. Your soldiers, being struck down in battle by Yuyudhāna (Satyaki), abandoned Yuyudhāna's chariot and fled towards Droṇa's army.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck down

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• युयुधानेन (yuyudhānena) - by Satyaki (by Yuyudhāna (Satyaki))

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (people), your troops

• युयुधानरथम् (yuyudhānaratham) - Yuyudhāna's chariot

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• द्रोणानीकाय (droṇānīkāya) - towards Droṇa's army

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being smitten, being destroyed

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root vadh (to strike, kill) with the śānac (present passive participle) suffix.

Root: vadh (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict, encounter

युयुधानेन (yuyudhānena) - by Satyaki (by Yuyudhāna (Satyaki))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (name of a warrior, also known as Satyaki)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your (people), your troops

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, thine; one's own people, followers

Derived from tvad (you) with the ṇvuL/kan suffix.

Note: Often used substantively to mean 'your people/followers'.

युयुधानरथम् (yuyudhānaratham) - Yuyudhāna's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuyudhānaratha

yuyudhānaratha - Yuyudhāna's chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuyudhāna+ratha)

• yuyudhāna – Yuyudhāna (Satyaki)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with the ktvā (absolutive) suffix.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

द्रोणानीकाय (droṇānīkāya) - towards Droṇa's army

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of droṇānīka

droṇānīka - Droṇa's army, the front of Droṇa's army

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor and warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array, front of an army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dative case often indicates 'towards' or 'for' in this context.

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect Tense

Root dru (to run), perfect (lit lakara), 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: dru (class 1)