महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-97, verse-28

तेषु प्रकाल्यमानेषु दस्यून्दुःशासनोऽब्रवीत् ।
निवर्तध्वमधर्मज्ञा युध्यध्वं किं सृतेन वः ॥२८॥

28. teṣu prakālyamāneṣu dasyūnduḥśāsano'bravīt ,
nivartadhvamadharmajñā yudhyadhvaṁ kiṁ sṛtena vaḥ.

28. teṣu prakālyamāṇeṣu dasyūn duḥśāsanaḥ abravīt
nivartadhvam adharmajñā yudhyadhvam kim sṛtena vaḥ

28. teṣu prakālyamāṇeṣu dasyūn duḥśāsanaḥ abravīt
adharmajñā! nivartadhvam yudhyadhvam vaḥ sṛtena kim?

28. As those Dasyus were being slaughtered, Duḥśāsana said: 'You who are ignorant of natural law (dharma)! Retreat! Fight! What benefit is there for you in fleeing?'

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - among those Dasyus (in them, among them)

• प्रकाल्यमाणेषु (prakālyamāṇeṣu) - while the Dasyus were being killed (while being destroyed, while being slaughtered)

• दस्यून् (dasyūn) - the Dasyus (a tribal group or enemies in the epic context) (enemies, barbarians, brigands)

• दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (one of the Kaurava brothers) (Duḥśāsana)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back, retreat

• अधर्मज्ञा (adharmajñā) - O you who are ignorant of natural law (dharma) or duty (O you who do not know (dharma), O you who are ignorant of (dharma))

• युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - fight, do battle

• किम् (kim) - what is the use of? (what? why?)

• सृतेन (sṛtena) - by fleeing, by flight

• वः (vaḥ) - for you (Dasyus) (to you, for you, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - among those Dasyus (in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Dasyus.

प्रकाल्यमाणेषु (prakālyamāṇeṣu) - while the Dasyus were being killed (while being destroyed, while being slaughtered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of prakālyamāṇa

prakālyamāṇa - being destroyed, being slaughtered

Present Passive Participle

From root kal (class 10, 'kālayati' meaning to drive, propel, destroy) with upasarga pra, in passive voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

दस्यून् (dasyūn) - the Dasyus (a tribal group or enemies in the epic context) (enemies, barbarians, brigands)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dasyu

dasyu - brigand, barbarian, enemy

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt' (spoke to).

दुःशासनः (duḥśāsanaḥ) - Duḥśāsana (one of the Kaurava brothers) (Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (proper name)

Note: Subject of the verb 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense

Root brū (class 2). 3rd person singular imperfect active.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The augment 'a' before the root indicates imperfect or aorist tense.

निवर्तध्वम् (nivartadhvam) - turn back, retreat

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Imperative mode

From root vṛt (class 1) with upasarga ni. 2nd person plural, middle voice, imperative mode.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Command to multiple people.

अधर्मज्ञा (adharmajñā) - O you who are ignorant of natural law (dharma) or duty (O you who do not know (dharma), O you who are ignorant of (dharma))

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, plural of adharmajña

adharmajña - ignorant of natural law (dharma), one who does not know (dharma), unrighteous

Compound of a (negation), dharma, and jña (knower).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma+jña)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: It addresses the Dasyus.

युध्यध्वम् (yudhyadhvam) - fight, do battle

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative mode

From root yudh (class 4). 2nd person plural, middle voice, imperative mode.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Command to multiple people.

किम् (kim) - what is the use of? (what? why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used idiomatically with instrumental to mean 'what is the use of...'

सृतेन (sṛtena) - by fleeing, by flight

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sṛta

sṛta - fled, gone, flight

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root sṛ (to run, flow, move). Used as a noun in instrumental case.

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'kim' to mean 'what is the use of flight?'.

वः (vaḥ) - for you (Dasyus) (to you, for you, of you)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here in dative sense 'for you'.