महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-90, verse-45

सादितं तु रथोपस्थे दृष्ट्वा पार्थाः शिखण्डिनम् ।
परिवव्रू रथैस्तूर्णं कृतवर्माणमाहवे ॥४५॥

45. sāditaṁ tu rathopasthe dṛṣṭvā pārthāḥ śikhaṇḍinam ,
parivavrū rathaistūrṇaṁ kṛtavarmāṇamāhave.

45. sāditam tu rathopasthe dṛṣṭvā pārthāḥ śikhaṇḍinam
parivavru rathaiḥ tūrṇam kṛtavarmāṇam āhave

45. pārthāḥ tu śikhaṇḍinam rathopasthe sāditam dṛṣṭvā
āhave tūrṇam rathaiḥ kṛtavarmāṇam parivavru

45. But, having seen Shikhandin brought down in his chariot, the Pārthas swiftly surrounded Kritavarman with their chariots in the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सादितम् (sāditam) - dismounted, brought down, made to sit

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot-seat, on the chariot

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kunti)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

• परिवव्रु (parivavru) - surrounded, encompassed

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly

• कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kritavarman

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

सादितम् (sāditam) - dismounted, brought down, made to sit

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādita

sādita - made to sit, caused to descend, dismounted, brought down

Past Passive Participle

From the causative stem of root 'sad' (to sit), 'sādayati' (causes to sit/descend).

Root: sad (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot-seat, on the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot-seat, the breast/lap of a chariot

Compound type : śashṭhī tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – lap, seat, proximity
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'dṛś' (to see) with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna or any of the Pāṇḍavas

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a character in the Mahābhārata)

परिवव्रु (parivavru) - surrounded, encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of vṛ

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Perfect form of 'pari-vṛ'.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From the root 'tvar' (to hurry, be quick) with suffix '-ṇa'. Used adverbially here.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here.

कृतवर्माणम् (kṛtavarmāṇam) - Kritavarman

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kritavarman (a warrior in the Mahābhārata, son of Hṛdika)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat