महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-90, verse-44

शिखण्डिनं तथा ज्ञात्वा हार्दिक्यशरपीडितम् ।
अपोवाह रणाद्यन्ता त्वरमाणो महारथम् ॥४४॥

44. śikhaṇḍinaṁ tathā jñātvā hārdikyaśarapīḍitam ,
apovāha raṇādyantā tvaramāṇo mahāratham.

44. śikhaṇḍinam tathā jñātvā hārdikyaśarapīḍitam
apovāha raṇāt yantā tvaramāṇaḥ mahāratham

44. yantā hārdikyaśarapīḍitam śikhaṇḍinam tathā
jñātvā tvaramāṇaḥ mahāratham raṇāt apovāha

44. His charioteer, knowing Shikhandin to be thus afflicted by Kritavarman's arrows, swiftly drove that great warrior away from the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• हार्दिक्यशरपीडितम् (hārdikyaśarapīḍitam) - afflicted by Kritavarman's arrows

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away, carried away

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the battlefield

• यन्ता (yantā) - charioteer, driver

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, moving quickly, swift

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior

Words meanings and morphology

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Shikhandin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a character in the Mahābhārata)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'jñā' with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

हार्दिक्यशरपीडितम् (hārdikyaśarapīḍitam) - afflicted by Kritavarman's arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hārdikyaśarapīḍita

hārdikyaśarapīḍita - afflicted by the arrows of Hardikya (Kritavarman)

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (hārdikya+śara+pīḍita)

• hārdikya – Kritavarman (son of Hṛdika)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root 'pīḍ' (to vex, oppress) with the suffix '-ta'.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away, carried away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vah

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Perfect form of 'apa-vah' (to drive away).

रणात् (raṇāt) - from the battle, from the battlefield

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, conflict

यन्ता (yantā) - charioteer, driver

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yantṛ

yantṛ - charioteer, driver, controller

Agent noun

Derived from root 'yam' (to control, restrain) with agent suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: yam (class 1)

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, moving quickly, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, rushing, swift, quick

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Formed from the root 'tvar' (to hurry, rush) with the suffix '-māṇa'.

Root: tvar (class 1)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great warrior

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a warrior fighting from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; a warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)