महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-90, verse-43

तं विषण्णं रथे दृष्ट्वा तावका भरतर्षभ ।
हार्दिक्यं पूजयामासुर्वासांस्यादुधुवुश्च ह ॥४३॥

43. taṁ viṣaṇṇaṁ rathe dṛṣṭvā tāvakā bharatarṣabha ,
hārdikyaṁ pūjayāmāsurvāsāṁsyādudhuvuśca ha.

43. taṃ viṣaṇṇaṃ rathe dṛṣṭvā tāvakāḥ bharatarṣabha
hārdikyaṃ pūjayāmāsuḥ vāsāṃsi ādudhuḥ ca ha

43. bharatarṣabha tāvakāḥ rathe taṃ viṣaṇṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā
hārdikyaṃ pūjayāmāsuḥ ca vāsāṃsi ādudhuḥ ha

43. O best of the Bhāratas, your warriors, having seen him (Yājñaseni) dejected in his chariot, honored Hārdikya (Kṛtavarmā) and indeed waved their garments.

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - referring to Yājñaseni from the previous verse (him, that)

• विषण्णं (viṣaṇṇaṁ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana's warriors, addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (your men, your warriors, those belonging to you)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An epithet for Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best of Bhāratas)

• हार्दिक्यं (hārdikyaṁ) - Referring to Kṛtavarmā, son of Hṛdika. (Hārdikya)

• पूजयामासुः (pūjayāmāsuḥ) - they honored, they worshipped

• वासांसि (vāsāṁsi) - clothes, garments

• आदुधुः (ādudhuḥ) - they shook, they waved

• च (ca) - and

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - referring to Yājñaseni from the previous verse (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विषण्णं (viṣaṇṇaṁ) - dejected, disheartened, sad

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, despondent, disheartened, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Root √sad (सद्) 'to sit, sink', with upasarga 'vi-'. The 'd' of 'sad' changes to 'ṇ' due to retroflexion by 'ṣ' in the root `vi-ṣad` (which is a variant of vi-sad).

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable participle)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - Referring to Duryodhana's warriors, addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (your men, your warriors, those belonging to you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your men/followers

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An epithet for Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best of Bhāratas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bhāratas, best of the Bhāratas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

हार्दिक्यं (hārdikyaṁ) - Referring to Kṛtavarmā, son of Hṛdika. (Hārdikya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hārdikya

hārdikya - son of Hṛdika, Kṛtavarmā

Patronymic derived from Hṛdika.

पूजयामासुः (pūjayāmāsuḥ) - they honored, they worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (periphrastic) (lit) of pūj

Periphrastic perfect of the denominative root 'pūjaya' derived from 'pūjā' (worship). The 'āmāsuḥ' ending comes from the perfect of √as (to be).

Root: pūj (class 10)

वासांसि (vāsāṁsi) - clothes, garments

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vāsas

vāsas - garment, clothing, cloth

आदुधुः (ādudhuḥ) - they shook, they waved

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of √dhū

Root √dhū (धू) 'to shake', with upasarga 'ā-'. 5th/9th conjugation, parasmaipada. Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: dhū (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)