महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-61, verse-4

कपिराजध्वजं संख्ये विधुन्वानं महद्धनुः ।
दृष्ट्वा पुत्रपरिद्यूनं किमकुर्वन्त मामकाः ॥४॥

4. kapirājadhvajaṁ saṁkhye vidhunvānaṁ mahaddhanuḥ ,
dṛṣṭvā putraparidyūnaṁ kimakurvanta māmakāḥ.

4. dṛṣṭvā putraparidyūnam kapirājadhavajam saṅkhye
vidhunvānam mahat dhanuḥ | kim akurvanta māmakāḥ

4. dṛṣṭvā putraparidyūnam kapirājadhavajam saṅkhye mahat dhanuḥ vidhunvānam,
kim māmakāḥ akurvanta?

4. "After seeing the one with the monkey-king banner (kapirājadhavaja), who was greatly distressed by his son's death and was wielding his mighty bow in battle, what did my warriors do?"

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• पुत्रपरिद्यूनम् (putraparidyūnam) - Arjuna, distressed by his son Abhimanyu's death. (greatly distressed by his son)

• कपिराजधवजम् (kapirājadhavajam) - Arjuna, whose banner bore the image of Hanuman, the monkey-king. (one with the monkey-king banner (Arjuna))

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat

• विधुन्वानम् (vidhunvānam) - Wielding his great bow. (shaking, wielding, brandishing)

• महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Arjuna's Gāṇḍīva bow. (bow)

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

• मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons and warriors (Kauravas) (my people, mine)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

पुत्रपरिद्यूनम् (putraparidyūnam) - Arjuna, distressed by his son Abhimanyu's death. (greatly distressed by his son)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraparidyūna

putraparidyūna - greatly distressed on account of a son

Compound. putra + paridyūna. paridyūna is PPP of dyū (to afflict) with pari.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+paridyūna)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• paridyūna – greatly distressed, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dyū (to afflict, distress) with pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: dyū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kapirājadhavajam'.

कपिराजधवजम् (kapirājadhavajam) - Arjuna, whose banner bore the image of Hanuman, the monkey-king. (one with the monkey-king banner (Arjuna))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kapirājadhavaja

kapirājadhavaja - he who has the monkey-king (Hanuman) on his banner

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kapi+rāja+dhvaja)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, encounter, war

From root khyā (to tell) with sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the battlefield.

विधुन्वानम् (vidhunvānam) - Wielding his great bow. (shaking, wielding, brandishing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhunvāna

vidhunvāna - shaking, trembling, wielding

Present Middle Participle

From root dhū (to shake) with prefix vi-. Masculine singular accusative.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 9)

महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of mahat.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - Arjuna's Gāṇḍīva bow. (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Object of 'vidhunvānam'.

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect middle indicative

3rd person plural, Imperfect tense (middle voice)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'māmakāḥ'.

मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhritarashtra's sons and warriors (Kauravas) (my people, mine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - mine, my own, related to me

From mama (my) + ka suffix.

Note: Subject of 'akurvanta'.