महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-61, verse-31

अर्हन्त्यर्धं पृथिव्यास्ते भोक्तुं सामर्थ्यसाधनाः ।
तेषामपि समुद्रान्ता पितृपैतामही मही ॥३१॥

31. arhantyardhaṁ pṛthivyāste bhoktuṁ sāmarthyasādhanāḥ ,
teṣāmapi samudrāntā pitṛpaitāmahī mahī.

31. arhanti ardham pṛthivyāḥ te bhoktum sāmarthya-sādhanāḥ
teṣām api samudra-antā pitṛ-paitāmahī mahī

31. te sāmarthya-sādhanāḥ pṛthivyāḥ ardham bhoktum
arhanti teṣām api samudra-antā pitṛ-paitāmahī mahī

31. They, being capable of achieving (their aims), deserve to rule half of the earth. Furthermore, their ancestral land extends to the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - they deserve, they are worthy, they are entitled

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth, of the land

• ते (te) - Refers to the Pandavas. (they, those)

• भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to rule, to possess (the earth) (to eat, to enjoy, to rule, to possess)

• सामर्थ्य-साधनाः (sāmarthya-sādhanāḥ) - capable of achieving their aims (those whose means are power, those who achieve through capability)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of the Pandavas. (of them, their)

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• समुद्र-अन्ता (samudra-antā) - ocean-bound, having the ocean as its boundary

• पितृ-पैतामही (pitṛ-paitāmahī) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

• मही (mahī) - earth, land, territory

Words meanings and morphology

अर्हन्ति (arhanti) - they deserve, they are worthy, they are entitled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural, Active Voice

Root arh (class 1)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te' (implied Pandavas).

अर्धम् (ardham) - half

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, portion

Note: Object of 'bhoktum'.

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth, of the land

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, land, ground

Root: pṛth

Note: Connected to 'ardham'.

ते (te) - Refers to the Pandavas. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'arhanti' and 'sāmarthya-sādhanāḥ'.

भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to rule, to possess (the earth) (to eat, to enjoy, to rule, to possess)

(verb)

infinitive

Infinitive from root bhuj (class 7)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used with 'arhanti'.

सामर्थ्य-साधनाः (sāmarthya-sādhanāḥ) - capable of achieving their aims (those whose means are power, those who achieve through capability)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāmarthya-sādhana

sāmarthya-sādhana - having power as means, possessing means of accomplishment, capable of achieving

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sāmarthya+sādhana)

• sāmarthya – power, strength, capability, ability
  noun (neuter)
  From samartha (able)
• sādhana – means, instrument, accomplishment
  noun (neuter)
  From root sādh (to accomplish, effect)
  Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Of the Pandavas. (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive pronoun for 'mahī'.

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'samudra-antā'.

समुद्र-अन्ता (samudra-antā) - ocean-bound, having the ocean as its boundary

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samudra-anta

samudra-anta - ocean-bound, ending in the ocean

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samudra+anta)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'mahī'.

पितृ-पैतामही (pitṛ-paitāmahī) - ancestral, inherited from father and grandfather

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pitṛ-paitāmaha

pitṛ-paitāmaha - inherited from father and grandfather, ancestral, hereditary

From pitṛ (father) and paitāmaha (from grandfather). Here, the feminine form of the adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+paitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• paitāmaha – belonging to a grandfather, ancestral
  adjective (masculine)
  From pitāmaha (grandfather)

Note: Qualifies 'mahī'.

मही (mahī) - earth, land, territory

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, land, ground, territory

Root: mah

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is'.