महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-49

ततोऽवहारं चक्रुस्ते द्रोणदुर्योधनादयः ।
तान्विदित्वा भृशं त्रस्तानयुद्धमनसः परान् ॥४९॥

49. tato'vahāraṁ cakruste droṇaduryodhanādayaḥ ,
tānviditvā bhṛśaṁ trastānayuddhamanasaḥ parān.

49. tataḥ avahāram cakruḥ te droṇaduryodhanādayaḥ |
tān viditvā bhṛśam trastān ayuddhamanasaḥ parān

49. tataḥ te droṇaduryodhanādayaḥ tān parān bhṛśam
trastān ayuddhamanasaḥ viditvā avahāram cakruḥ

49. Thereupon, Droṇa, Duryodhana, and others initiated a retreat, having realized that their own forces were greatly terrified and disinclined to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

• अवहारम् (avahāram) - withdrawal, retreat

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they initiated/ordered (they made, they did)

• ते (te) - referring to Droṇa, Duryodhana, etc. (they)

• द्रोणदुर्योधनादयः (droṇaduryodhanādayaḥ) - Refers to the main leaders of the Kaurava army. (Drona, Duryodhana, and others)

• तान् (tān) - referring to their own (Kaurava) forces/soldiers (those, them)

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, having perceived

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

• अयुद्धमनसः (ayuddhamanasaḥ) - disinclined to fight, unwilling to battle

• परान् (parān) - their own (remaining) forces/soldiers (others, opponents, enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Derived from the pronoun 'tad'.

अवहारम् (avahāram) - withdrawal, retreat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avahāra

avahāra - withdrawal, retreat, removal

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of `cakruḥ`.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they initiated/ordered (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada ending -uḥ, from root √kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - referring to Droṇa, Duryodhana, etc. (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `cakruḥ`.

द्रोणदुर्योधनादयः (droṇaduryodhanādayaḥ) - Refers to the main leaders of the Kaurava army. (Drona, Duryodhana, and others)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of droṇaduryodhanādi

droṇaduryodhanādi - Drona, Duryodhana, and others

Compound type : dvandva/bahuvrīhi (droṇa+duryodhana+ādi)

• droṇa – Drona (a proper name, guru of Kauravas and Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name, eldest Kaurava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and others
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `te`.

तान् (tān) - referring to their own (Kaurava) forces/soldiers (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `viditvā`, refers to the Kuru army's forces.

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √vid (to know) with suffix -tvā

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Denotes an action preceding the main verb `cakruḥ`.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, scared

Past Passive Participle

From root √tras (to tremble, be terrified)

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `tān parān`.

अयुद्धमनसः (ayuddhamanasaḥ) - disinclined to fight, unwilling to battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ayuddhamanas

ayuddhamanas - having no mind for battle, disinclined to fight

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+yuddha+manas)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `tān parān`.

परान् (parān) - their own (remaining) forces/soldiers (others, opponents, enemies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, distant, supreme, enemy

Note: Qualifies `tān` and is further described by `trastān` and `ayuddhamanasaḥ`. Here, 'others' refers to the other members of their own army, or the remaining troops.