महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-20

तमविध्यच्छितैर्बाणैः कङ्कपत्रैर्युधिष्ठिरः ।
तस्य द्रोणो धनुश्छित्त्वा तं द्रुतं समुपाद्रवत् ॥२०॥

20. tamavidhyacchitairbāṇaiḥ kaṅkapatrairyudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
tasya droṇo dhanuśchittvā taṁ drutaṁ samupādravat.

20. tam avidhyat śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ kaṅkapatraiḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
tasya droṇaḥ dhanuḥ chittvā tam drutam samupādravat

20. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ tam śitaiḥ kaṅkapatraiḥ bāṇaiḥ avidhyat.
droṇaḥ tasya dhanuḥ chittvā tam drutam samupādravat.

20. Yudhishthira pierced him (Drona) with sharp, vulture-feathered arrows. Drona, having cut his (Yudhishthira's) bow, quickly rushed upon him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced (he pierced, he struck)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, whetted, keen)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

• कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with vulture-feathered (arrows) (with vulture-feathers, feathered with kanka bird feathers)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Yudhishthira's) (his, of that)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (proper name))

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (having cut, after cutting)

• तम् (tam) - him (Yudhishthira) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - he rushed upon (he rushed towards, he attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of 'avidhyat'.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he pierced (he pierced, he struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidhyati

Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - sharp (sharp, whetted, keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śo (to sharpen)

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of piercing.

कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with vulture-feathered (arrows) (with vulture-feathers, feathered with kanka bird feathers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṅkapatra

kaṅkapatra - vulture-feathered

Compound type : tatpurusha (kaṅka+patra)

• kaṅka – a kind of heron or vulture
  noun (masculine)
• patra – feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (Yudhishthira (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava brother)

Note: Subject of 'avidhyat'.

तस्य (tasya) - his (Yudhishthira's) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, her, its

Note: Possessive, referring to Yudhishthira's bow.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'chittvā' and 'samupādravat'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Object of 'chittvā'.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (having cut, after cutting)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √chid (to cut)

Root: chid (class 7)

तम् (tam) - him (Yudhishthira) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of 'samupādravat'.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of druta (swift)

Note: Adverb modifying 'samupādravat'.

समुपाद्रवत् (samupādravat) - he rushed upon (he rushed towards, he attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of samupādravati

Derived from root √dru (to run) with prefixes sam- and upa- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'droṇaḥ'.