महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-43

तां शरौघमहाफेनां प्रासमत्स्यसमाकुलाम् ।
नदीमुत्तीर्य वेगेन कुरून्विद्राव्य पाण्डवः ॥४३॥

43. tāṁ śaraughamahāphenāṁ prāsamatsyasamākulām ,
nadīmuttīrya vegena kurūnvidrāvya pāṇḍavaḥ.

43. tām śara-ogha-mahā-phenām prāsa-matsya-samākulām
nadīm uttīrya vegena kurūn vidrāvya pāṇḍavaḥ

43. pāṇḍavaḥ tām śaraugha-mahā-phenām prāsa-matsya-samākulām
nadīm vegena uttīrya kurūn vidrāvya

43. Having crossed that river, which had great foam from showers of arrows and was filled with pikes acting as fish, the son of Pāṇḍu swiftly put the Kurus to flight.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Referring to the river described in the previous verse. (that (feminine))

• शर-ओघ-महा-फेनाम् (śara-ogha-mahā-phenām) - having great foam of arrow-showers, characterized by large foam of arrow-multitudes

• प्रास-मत्स्य-समाकुलाम् (prāsa-matsya-samākulām) - filled with pikes as fish, crowded with javelins (acting as) fish

• नदीम् (nadīm) - a river

• उत्तीर्य (uttīrya) - having crossed, having overcome

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

• कुरून् (kurūn) - Referring to the warriors of the Kuru dynasty, specifically the opposing army. (the Kurus)

• विद्राव्य (vidrāvya) - having put to flight, having routed, having dispersed

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Pāṇḍu)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Referring to the river described in the previous verse. (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Adjective modifying `nadīm`.

शर-ओघ-महा-फेनाम् (śara-ogha-mahā-phenām) - having great foam of arrow-showers, characterized by large foam of arrow-multitudes

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śara-ogha-mahā-phenā

śara-ogha-mahā-phenā - having great foam of arrow-showers (feminine)

Compound: śara (arrow) + ogha (flood/multitude) + mahā (great) + phena (foam).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śara+ogha+mahā+phena)

• śara – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• ogha – flood, stream, torrent, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vāh (class 1)
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Feminine form 'mahā' used in compounds.
• phena – foam, froth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying `nadīm`.

प्रास-मत्स्य-समाकुलाम् (prāsa-matsya-samākulām) - filled with pikes as fish, crowded with javelins (acting as) fish

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāsa-matsya-samākulā

prāsa-matsya-samākulā - filled with pikes acting as fish (feminine)

Compound: prāsa (pike/javelin) + matsya (fish) + samākulā (crowded/full).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāsa+matsya+samākulā)

• prāsa – pike, javelin, lance
  noun (masculine)
  From root as- with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: as (class 4)
• matsya – fish
  noun (masculine)
• samākulā – crowded, filled, agitated, confused (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kul- with prefix sam- and ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying `nadīm`.

नदीम् (nadīm) - a river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Direct object of `uttīrya`.

उत्तीर्य (uttīrya) - having crossed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root tṛ- with prefix ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcibly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

From root vij- (to tremble, move rapidly).

Root: vij (class 6)

कुरून् (kurūn) - Referring to the warriors of the Kuru dynasty, specifically the opposing army. (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - the Kuru people, a member of the Kuru dynasty

Note: Direct object of `vidrāvya`.

विद्राव्य (vidrāvya) - having put to flight, having routed, having dispersed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root drā- with prefix vi-. Causative of drā-.

Prefix: vi

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

Apatya (descendant) derivation from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Subject of the main action.