महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-25

तं शूरमार्यव्रतिनमस्त्रार्थकृतनिश्रमम् ।
चक्ररक्षमपामृद्नात्कुमारं द्विजसत्तमः ॥२५॥

25. taṁ śūramāryavratinamastrārthakṛtaniśramam ,
cakrarakṣamapāmṛdnātkumāraṁ dvijasattamaḥ.

25. tam śūram āryavratinam astrārthakṛtaniśramam
cakrarakṣam apāmṛdnāt kumāram dvijasattamaḥ

25. dvijasattamaḥ apāmṛdnāt tam śūram āryavratinam
astrārthakṛtaniśramam cakrarakṣam kumāram

25. The best among the twice-born (Droṇa) crushed that brave young warrior, who followed noble vows, who had exerted himself for the mastery of weapons, and who was a protector of the chariot wheel.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the young warrior, kumāra) (that, him)

• शूरम् (śūram) - brave (young warrior) (brave, heroic, warrior)

• आर्यव्रतिनम् (āryavratinam) - who adheres to noble principles and observances (who follows noble vows, of noble conduct)

• अस्त्रार्थकृतनिश्रमम् (astrārthakṛtaniśramam) - who had put forth great effort to master weaponry and military skills (who had made effort for the sake of weapons/military science)

• चक्ररक्षम् (cakrarakṣam) - protector of the chariot wheel (a specific warrior role) (protector of the wheel, guardian of the chariot wheel)

• अपामृद्नात् (apāmṛdnāt) - crushed, overpowered (in battle) (crushed, annihilated, destroyed)

• कुमारम् (kumāram) - the young warrior (Abhimanyu) (the young man, the prince, the warrior)

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the most excellent brahmin (referring to Droṇa) (best among the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the young warrior, kumāra) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Modifies 'kumāram'.

शूरम् (śūram) - brave (young warrior) (brave, heroic, warrior)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic, a warrior, champion

Note: Modifies 'kumāram'.

आर्यव्रतिनम् (āryavratinam) - who adheres to noble principles and observances (who follows noble vows, of noble conduct)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āryavratin

āryavratin - one who has noble vows or observances, of noble conduct, virtuous

Derived from 'ārya' (noble) + 'vrata' (vow, observance) + the possessive suffix '-in'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārya+vrata)

• ārya – noble, honorable, respectable
  adjective
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred rule, duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'kumāram'.

अस्त्रार्थकृतनिश्रमम् (astrārthakṛtaniśramam) - who had put forth great effort to master weaponry and military skills (who had made effort for the sake of weapons/military science)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of astrārthakṛtaniśrama

astrārthakṛtaniśrama - one who has made effort for the purpose of weapons, assiduous in military science

Compound type : bahuvrihi (astra+artha+kṛta+niśrama)

• astra – weapon, missile, projectile
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root 'as' (to throw).
  Root: as (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'ṛ' (to go, move).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• kṛta – done, made, performed, accomplished
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From the verb root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• niśrama – effort, exertion, labor, fatigue
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'śram' (to be weary, exert oneself) with prefix 'ni' (down, in).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'kumāram'.

चक्ररक्षम् (cakrarakṣam) - protector of the chariot wheel (a specific warrior role) (protector of the wheel, guardian of the chariot wheel)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cakrarakṣa

cakrarakṣa - protector of the wheel (of a chariot or military formation)

Compound type : tatpurusha (cakra+rakṣa)

• cakra – wheel, discus, circle
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' (to make) or 'kram' (to step).
  Root: kṛ/kram (class 8)
• rakṣa – protecting, guarding, a guardian, protector
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'rakṣ' (to protect).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kumāram'.

अपामृद्नात् (apāmṛdnāt) - crushed, overpowered (in battle) (crushed, annihilated, destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛd

Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice

From the verb root 'mṛd' (to crush, trample) with the prefix 'apa' (away, off). 'apa-mṛd' means to destroy, crush. This is the third person singular, imperfect active form.

Prefix: apa

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कुमारम् (kumāram) - the young warrior (Abhimanyu) (the young man, the prince, the warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - a boy, youth, prince, son, warrior

Note: Object of 'apāmṛdnāt'.

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the most excellent brahmin (referring to Droṇa) (best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born, most excellent brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (a brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dvi' (twice) and 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, excellent, most good
  adjective
  Superlative form of 'sat' (good, existing), formed with the suffix '-tama'.
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'apāmṛdnāt'.