महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-4

तेनार्दिता महाराज रथिनः सादिनस्तथा ।
निपेतुरुर्व्यां सहसा वातनुन्ना इव द्रुमाः ॥४॥

4. tenārditā mahārāja rathinaḥ sādinastathā ,
nipetururvyāṁ sahasā vātanunnā iva drumāḥ.

4. tena ārditāḥ mahārāja rathinaḥ sādinaḥ tathā
nipetuḥ urvyām sahasā vātanunnāḥ iva drumāḥ

4. mahārāja tena ārditāḥ rathinaḥ tathā sādinaḥ
vātanunnāḥ drumāḥ iva sahasā urvyām nipetuḥ

4. O great king (mahārāja), those chariot-warriors (rathinaḥ) and horsemen (sādinaḥ), afflicted by him, suddenly fell to the earth, just like trees (drumāḥ) struck down by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - By Vrishasena. (by him, by that)

• आर्दिताः (ārditāḥ) - afflicted, wounded, distressed

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - chariot-warriors

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

• तथा (tathā) - Connects rathinaḥ and sādinaḥ. (and, similarly, thus)

• निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they fell down

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the ground, on the earth

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, with force, quickly

• वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-driven, struck by wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - By Vrishasena. (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Agent of the action ārditāḥ.

आर्दिताः (ārditāḥ) - afflicted, wounded, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārdita

ārdita - afflicted, hurt, distressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛd (to pain, trouble) with prefix ā and suffix kta.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛd (class 7)

Note: Past Passive Participle acting as an adjective.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Feminine form of mahat, used as the first member of a compound.
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem noun.
  Root: rāj (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, owner of a chariot

Derived from ratha with suffix in.

Note: Subject of nipetuḥ.

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - horseman, rider, elephant driver, one who sits

Derived from root sad (to sit) with suffix in.

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of nipetuḥ.

तथा (tathā) - Connects rathinaḥ and sādinaḥ. (and, similarly, thus)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

निपेतुः (nipetuḥ) - they fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nipāt

Perfect 3rd person plural of pat with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The root is pat, prefix ni.

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground, land

Note: Denotes location.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, with force, quickly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Root: sah (class 1)

वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-driven, struck by wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātanunna

vātanunna - struck by wind, driven by wind

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāta+nunna)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root vā (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)
• nunna – pushed, driven, impelled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nud (to push, impel) with suffix kta.
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with drumāḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree, wood

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile, corresponding to rathinaḥ and sādinaḥ.