महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-18

तत्प्रभग्नं बलं दृष्ट्वा शत्रुभिर्भृशमर्दितम् ।
अलं द्रुतेन वः शूरा इति द्रोणोऽभ्यभाषत ॥१८॥

18. tatprabhagnaṁ balaṁ dṛṣṭvā śatrubhirbhṛśamarditam ,
alaṁ drutena vaḥ śūrā iti droṇo'bhyabhāṣata.

18. tat prabhagnam balam dṛṣṭvā śatrubhiḥ bhṛśam arditam
alam drutena vaḥ śūrāḥ iti droṇaḥ abhyabhāṣata

18. śatrubhiḥ bhṛśam arditam tat prabhagnam balam dṛṣṭvā,
droṇaḥ "vaḥ śūrāḥ,
drutena alam!" iti abhyabhāṣata.

18. Seeing that army utterly broken and severely crushed by the enemies, Drona addressed them, saying, "Enough of fleeing, O warriors!"

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, therefore, then)

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - utterly broken (referring to the army) (broken, shattered, defeated, utterly routed)

• बलम् (balam) - the army (army, strength, force)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by the enemies (by enemies)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - severely (greatly, severely, excessively)

• अर्दितम् (arditam) - crushed (referring to the army) (afflicted, pained, oppressed, crushed)

• अलम् (alam) - enough (of) (enough, sufficient, capable; also used with instrumental to mean 'enough of...')

• द्रुतेन (drutena) - by fleeing (by speed, by flight, by fleeing)

• वः (vaḥ) - O you (vocative plural implied by 'śūrāḥ') (to you, for you, your)

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - O warriors (O heroes, O brave ones, O warriors)

• इति (iti) - thus (marks the end of the quote) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quote))

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (proper name))

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed (them) (he spoke, he addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter. Here it functions as an adjective to 'balam'.

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - utterly broken (referring to the army) (broken, shattered, defeated, utterly routed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √bhañj (to break) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - the army (army, strength, force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - by the enemies (by enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Agent of 'arditam'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - severely (greatly, severely, excessively)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of bhṛśa (abundant)

Note: Adverb modifying 'arditam'.

अर्दितम् (arditam) - crushed (referring to the army) (afflicted, pained, oppressed, crushed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ardita

ardita - afflicted, hurt, oppressed, crushed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ṛd (to afflict, oppress)

Root: ṛd (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

अलम् (alam) - enough (of) (enough, sufficient, capable; also used with instrumental to mean 'enough of...')

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental 'drutena'.

द्रुतेन (drutena) - by fleeing (by speed, by flight, by fleeing)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of druta

druta - run, fled, swift, quick

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dru (to run)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'alam'.

वः (vaḥ) - O you (vocative plural implied by 'śūrāḥ') (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here used as a vocative particle or referring to the warriors addressed.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - O warriors (O heroes, O brave ones, O warriors)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave

इति (iti) - thus (marks the end of the quote) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quote))

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he addressed (them) (he spoke, he addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhbhāṣate

Derived from root √bhāṣ (to speak) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)