महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-15, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तद्बलं सुमहद्दीर्णं त्वदीयं प्रेक्ष्य वीर्यवान् ।
दधारैको रणे पाण्डून्वृषसेनोऽस्त्रमायया ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tadbalaṁ sumahaddīrṇaṁ tvadīyaṁ prekṣya vīryavān ,
dadhāraiko raṇe pāṇḍūnvṛṣaseno'stramāyayā.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tat balam sumahat dīrṇam tvadīyam prekṣya
vīryavān dadhāra ekaḥ raṇe pāṇḍūn vṛṣasenaḥ astramāyayā

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tvadīyam sumahat dīrṇam tat balam prekṣya
vīryavān vṛṣasenaḥ ekaḥ raṇe astramāyayā pāṇḍūn dadhāra

1. Sañjaya said: Seeing your vast army broken and scattered, the valiant Vṛṣasena alone faced the Pāṇḍavas in battle by the power of his missiles (astra) and illusion (māyā).

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (the charioteer and narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तत् (tat) - that

• बलम् (balam) - Dhritarashtra's army (army, strength, force)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge, immense

• दीर्णम् (dīrṇam) - torn, broken, scattered, shattered

• त्वदीयम् (tvadīyam) - your, belonging to you

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing, perceiving

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, heroic, valiant

• दधार (dadhāra) - he faced/withstood (the Pandavas) (he held, he bore, he sustained, he faced)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, solitary

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

• वृषसेनः (vṛṣasenaḥ) - Vrishasena (a specific warrior, son of Karna)

• अस्त्रमायया (astramāyayā) - by means of weapon-magic, by the power of missiles (astra) and illusion (māyā)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (the charioteer and narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya, a proper name

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - Dhritarashtra's army (army, strength, force)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, mighty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

दीर्णम् (dīrṇam) - torn, broken, scattered, shattered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dīrṇa

dīrṇa - torn, broken, scattered

Past Passive Participle

From root √dṝ (to tear, to split).

Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

त्वदीयम् (tvadīyam) - your, belonging to you

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tvadīya

tvadīya - your, yours

Note: Qualifies 'balam'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix `pra-` and suffix `-ya`.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - powerful, valorous, heroic, valiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous

Note: Qualifies Vṛṣasena.

दधार (dadhāra) - he faced/withstood (the Pandavas) (he held, he bore, he sustained, he faced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dadhāra

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, solitary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone

Note: Emphasizes Vṛṣasena's singular effort.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Note: Also possible as neuter.

पाण्डून् (pāṇḍūn) - the Pandavas, sons of Pandu

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu, the Pandavas (collective)

वृषसेनः (vṛṣasenaḥ) - Vrishasena (a specific warrior, son of Karna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣasena

vṛṣasena - Vṛṣasena, a proper name

अस्त्रमायया (astramāyayā) - by means of weapon-magic, by the power of missiles (astra) and illusion (māyā)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of astramāyā

astramāyā - weapon-magic, illusion (māyā) of weapons (astra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (astra+māyā)

• astra – missile, weapon (discharged)
  noun (neuter)
• māyā – illusion, magic, supernatural power
  noun (feminine)