महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-6

अथापरेण भल्लेन केतुं तस्य महात्मनः ।
रथश्रेष्ठो रथात्तूर्णं भूमौ पार्थो न्यपातयत् ॥६॥

6. athāpareṇa bhallena ketuṁ tasya mahātmanaḥ ,
rathaśreṣṭho rathāttūrṇaṁ bhūmau pārtho nyapātayat.

6. atha apareṇa bhallena ketum tasya mahātmanaḥ
rathaśreṣṭhaḥ rathāt tūrṇam bhūmau pārthaḥ nyapātayat

6. atha,
rathaśreṣṭhaḥ pārthaḥ,
apareṇa bhallena,
tasya mahātmanaḥ ketum rathāt tūrṇam bhūmau nyapātayat

6. Then, with another bhalla arrow, Pārtha (Arjuna), the foremost among charioteers, swiftly brought down the banner of that noble king from his chariot to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and so)

• अपरेण (apareṇa) - with another (by another, by a different (one), by the other)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla arrow (by a bhalla (arrow), by an arrow)

• केतुम् (ketum) - the banner (banner, flag, standard, mark)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) (of him, of that, his)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that noble (king) (of the great-souled, of the noble, of the magnanimous)

• रथश्रेष्ठः (rathaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost among charioteers (best of chariots, best charioteer)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - he brought down (he caused to fall, he brought down)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover, and so)

(indeclinable)

अपरेण (apareṇa) - with another (by another, by a different (one), by the other)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different, later, posterior

Note: (modifies bhallena)

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a bhalla arrow (by a bhalla (arrow), by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a type of arrow, spear, weapon

केतुम् (ketum) - the banner (banner, flag, standard, mark)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, standard, mark, sign, chief, leader, comet

u-stem

तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) (of him, of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the 'mahātman' king mentioned.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of that noble (king) (of the great-souled, of the noble, of the magnanimous)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great self (ātman)

N-stem, from mahā (great) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem

Note: (agreement with tasya, referring to the king)

रथश्रेष्ठः (rathaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost among charioteers (best of chariots, best charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaśreṣṭha

rathaśreṣṭha - best of chariots, best charioteer, chief among warriors in chariots

From ratha (chariot) + śreṣṭha (best). Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ratha+śreṣṭha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief, superior
  adjective
  Superlative of praśasya/praśasta (good, excellent)

Note: (epithet for Pārtha)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

a-stem

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of tūrṇa (adj) used adverbially

Note: (adverbial use)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - to the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

i-stem (feminine)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

From Pṛthā + aṇ (patronymic suffix)

Note: (Subject of the verb nyapātayat)

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - he brought down (he caused to fall, he brought down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative, Imperfect tense, third person singular, active voice

From root √pat (to fall) with ni (down) and causative suffix (णिच्)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)