महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-13

ततः सर्वाणि सैन्यानि तावकानि विशां पते ।
निराशान्यभवंस्तत्र जीवितं प्रति भारत ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ sarvāṇi sainyāni tāvakāni viśāṁ pate ,
nirāśānyabhavaṁstatra jīvitaṁ prati bhārata.

13. tataḥ sarvāṇi sainyāni tāvakāni viśām pate
nirāśāni abhavan tatra jīvitam prati bhārata

13. viśām pate bhārata tataḥ tāvakāni sarvāṇi
sainyāni tatra jīvitam prati nirāśāni abhavan

13. Then, O lord of men (viśāṃ pate), O Bhārata, all your armies became dispirited there, despairing of their very lives.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, entire

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops

• तावकानि (tāvakāni) - your, belonging to you (plural)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of men, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• निराशानि (nirāśāni) - hopeless, dispirited

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, for, against

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas used to form an indeclinable meaning 'from that place/time'

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire, universal

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - armies, troops

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - an army, a troop, military force, soldier

Derived from 'senā' (army)

तावकानि (tāvakāni) - your, belonging to you (plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, yours, belonging to you (singular 'tava' + suffix 'aka')

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of men, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, commonalty, clan, settlement

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner, ruler

Note: `viśām pate` is a common compound-like address, 'lord of men'.

निराशानि (nirāśāni) - hopeless, dispirited

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despondent, despairing, without hope

Formed from 'nis' (without) and 'āśā' (hope)

Compound type : Prādi-samāsa (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out, away from, negation
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire, direction
  noun (feminine)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, in that situation

(indeclinable)

Locative suffix -tra used to form an indeclinable meaning 'in that place'

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood; (adj.) lived, alive

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jīv' (to live) with suffix -ta, used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, for, against

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian