महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-23

सोऽवप्लुत्य रथात्तूर्णं गदां जग्राह सात्वतः ।
स तया वीरघातिन्या गदया गदिनां वरः ।
गौतमस्य हयान्हत्वा सारथिं च न्यपातयत् ॥२३॥

23. so'vaplutya rathāttūrṇaṁ gadāṁ jagrāha sātvataḥ ,
sa tayā vīraghātinyā gadayā gadināṁ varaḥ ,
gautamasya hayānhatvā sārathiṁ ca nyapātayat.

23. saḥ avaplutya rathāt tūrṇam gadām
jagrāha sātvataḥ saḥ tayā vīraghātinyā
gadayā gadinām varaḥ gautamasya
hayān hatvā sārathim ca nyapātayat

23. saḥ sātvataḥ tūrṇam rathāt avaplutya gadām jagrāha.
saḥ gadinām varaḥ tayā vīraghātinyā gadayā gautamasya hayān hatvā sārathim ca nyapātayat

23. The Sātvata (Chekitāna), having swiftly jumped down from his chariot, seized a mace. He, the best among mace-wielders, then, with that deadly, hero-killing mace, killed Gautama's (Kṛpa's) horses and struck down his charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Chekitāna (he, that one)

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - seized, grasped, took

• सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - Chekitāna (who belonged to the Sātvata lineage) (a Sātvata (member of a Yādava clan))

• सः (saḥ) - Chekitāna (he, that one)

• तया (tayā) - with that (mace) (with that, by her)

• वीरघातिन्या (vīraghātinyā) - with the hero-killing, deadly

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• गदिनाम् (gadinām) - of mace-wielders

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among mace-wielders) (best, excellent, choicest)

• गौतमस्य (gautamasya) - of Kṛpa (son of Gautama or Goutama's lineage) (of Gautama)

• हयान् (hayān) - Kṛpa's horses (horses)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - Kṛpa's charioteer (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and, also

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck down, caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Chekitāna (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root plu (to float, jump) with prefix ava and suffix -ya (variant of -tvā).

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hasten) + kta suffix. Used adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Object of jagrāha.

जग्राह (jagrāha) - seized, grasped, took

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of grah

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated past tense (Lit), 3rd person singular, active voice. From root grah.

Root: grah (class 9)

सात्वतः (sātvataḥ) - Chekitāna (who belonged to the Sātvata lineage) (a Sātvata (member of a Yādava clan))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - belonging to the Sātvata clan, a descendant of Sātvata; a Sātvata warrior

Taddhita derivation from sātvat.

Note: Subject of jagrāha.

सः (saḥ) - Chekitāna (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तया (tayā) - with that (mace) (with that, by her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

वीरघातिन्या (vīraghātinyā) - with the hero-killing, deadly

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vīraghātin

vīraghātin - hero-killing, deadly to heroes

Compound with ghātin (killer) as second element. From root han (to kill) with suffix -in.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vīra+ghātin)

• vīra – hero, valiant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vīr (class 1)
• ghātin – killing, killer, destructive
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent Noun
  From root han (to kill) with suffix -in.
  Root: han (class 2)

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Instrument for striking.

गदिनाम् (gadinām) - of mace-wielders

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gadin

gadin - mace-wielder, armed with a mace

Possessive suffix -in from gadā.

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Governed by varaḥ.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among mace-wielders) (best, excellent, choicest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Chekitāna).

गौतमस्य (gautamasya) - of Kṛpa (son of Gautama or Goutama's lineage) (of Gautama)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - a descendant of Gotama; a proper name (e.g., Kṛpa is sometimes called Gautama because his lineage is related to Gotama)

Derived from gotama.

Note: Possessive, referring to Kṛpa.

हयान् (hayān) - Kṛpa's horses (horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Object of hatvā.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root han (to kill) with suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The agent is saḥ (Chekitāna).

सारथिम् (sārathim) - Kṛpa's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of nyapātayat.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

particle

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck down, caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of nipātaya

Imperfect Tense (causative)

Causative of ni-pat, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root pat with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)