महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-31

ततोऽभ्यधावद्वेगेन करकर्षः सुहृत्तया ।
चेकितानं तथाभूतं दृष्ट्वा समरदुर्मदम् ।
रथमारोपयच्चैनं सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यतः ॥३१॥

31. tato'bhyadhāvadvegena karakarṣaḥ suhṛttayā ,
cekitānaṁ tathābhūtaṁ dṛṣṭvā samaradurmadam ,
rathamāropayaccainaṁ sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ.

31. tataḥ abhyadhāvat vegena karakarṣaḥ
suhṛttayā cekitānam tathābhūtam
dṛṣṭvā samaradurdmadam ratham āropayat
ca enam sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

31. tataḥ suhṛttayā karakarṣaḥ vegena
abhyadhāvat tathābhūtam samaradurdmadam
cekitānam dṛṣṭvā ca enam ratham
āropayat sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ

31. Then Karakarsha, out of friendship, rushed with speed, having seen Chekitana in such a state, fiercely proud in battle. He made him ascend the chariot while the entire army watched.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly

• करकर्षः (karakarṣaḥ) - Karakarsha

• सुहृत्तया (suhṛttayā) - out of friendship, by friendship

• चेकितानम् (cekitānam) - Chekitana

• तथाभूतम् (tathābhūtam) - having become like that, in such a state

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• समरदुर्द्मदम् (samaradurdmadam) - fiercely proud/unrestrained in battle

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आरोपयत् (āropayat) - made him ascend, caused to mount

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him

• सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

• पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - watching, seeing

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, Singular, 3rd person

Formed with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'. 'abhi-ā-dhāv' means to run towards, rush.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, force, impetus

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use.

करकर्षः (karakarṣaḥ) - Karakarsha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karakarṣa

karakarṣa - Karakarsha (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'abhyadhāvat'.

सुहृत्तया (suhṛttayā) - out of friendship, by friendship

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of suhṛttā

suhṛttā - friendship, good-heartedness

Derived from 'suhṛt' (friend) + suffix 'tā' (abstract noun).

Note: Indicates the reason or motive.

चेकितानम् (cekitānam) - Chekitana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cekitāna

cekitāna - Chekitana (proper name)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तथाभूतम् (tathābhūtam) - having become like that, in such a state

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tathābhūta

tathābhūta - being in such a state, become thus

Past Passive Participle in compound

Compound of 'tathā' (thus, so) and 'bhūta' (become, been).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+bhūta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
  Adverbial.
• bhūta – become, been, existing
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'cekitānam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with suffix 'tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समरदुर्द्मदम् (samaradurdmadam) - fiercely proud/unrestrained in battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaradurdmadam

samaradurdmadam - difficult to curb/defeat in battle, fiercely intoxicated/unrestrained in battle

Compound of 'samara' (battle) and 'durmada' (hard to subdue, fiercely proud/intoxicated).

Compound type : tatpurusha (samara+durmada)

• samara – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
• durmada – hard to subdue, fiercely proud, intoxicated, uncontrollable
  adjective
  Prefix 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'mada' (intoxication, pride).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'cekitānam'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root 'ṛ' (to go, move).

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āropayat'.

आरोपयत् (āropayat) - made him ascend, caused to mount

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active (causative), past imperfect (laṅ) of ruh

Imperfect, Parasmaipada, Singular, 3rd person (causative)

Causative form of 'ā-ruh'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (referring back)

Anaphoric pronoun.

Note: Object of 'āropayat'.

सर्वसैन्यस्य (sarvasainyasya) - of the entire army

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - entire army, all forces

Compound of 'sarva' (all) + 'sainya' (army).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• sainya – army, host
  noun (neuter)
  From 'senā' (army) + 'ya' (pertaining to).

Note: Indicates the audience of the action; part of a genitive absolute construction with 'paśyataḥ'.

पश्यतः (paśyataḥ) - watching, seeing

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), with the present stem 'paśya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarvasainyasya'.