महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-51

ततः प्रवृत्तः सुमहान्संग्रामः शोणितोदकः ।
तावकानां च समरे पाण्डवानां च भारत ॥५१॥

51. tataḥ pravṛttaḥ sumahānsaṁgrāmaḥ śoṇitodakaḥ ,
tāvakānāṁ ca samare pāṇḍavānāṁ ca bhārata.

51. tataḥ pravṛttaḥ sumahān saṃgrāmaḥ śoṇita udakaḥ
tāvakānām ca samare pāṇḍavānām ca bhārata

51. bhārata tataḥ sumahān śoṇita udakaḥ saṃgrāmaḥ
tāvakānām ca pāṇḍavānām ca samare pravṛttaḥ

51. O Bharata, then a very great battle commenced, with blood as its water, between your warriors and the Pandavas in that engagement.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

• प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - commenced (commenced, engaged in, occurred)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, mighty)

• संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, conflict)

• शोणित उदकः (śoṇita udakaḥ) - with blood as its water (describing the battle) (having blood as water)

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhritarashtra's) warriors (of your people, belonging to you)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समरे (samare) - in that engagement (in battle, in war)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial suffix -tas

प्रवृत्तः (pravṛttaḥ) - commenced (commenced, engaged in, occurred)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pra + vṛt

pra + vṛt - to begin, commence, proceed, revolve

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt- (to turn, exist) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle acting as an adjective/predicate

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, mighty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

संग्रामः (saṁgrāmaḥ) - battle (battle, war, conflict)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, fight, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: kram (class 1)

शोणित उदकः (śoṇita udakaḥ) - with blood as its water (describing the battle) (having blood as water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoṇitodaka

śoṇitodaka - having blood as water

Compound: śoṇita (blood) + udaka (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoṇita+udaka)

• śoṇita – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhritarashtra's) warriors (of your people, belonging to you)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, yours

Derived from tava (your)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in that engagement (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, fight, conflict

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (addressing Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; related to India

Derived from Bharata