महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-80, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा मध्यं प्राप्ते दिवाकरे ।
श्रुतायुषमभिप्रेक्ष्य चोदयामास वाजिनः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā madhyaṁ prāpte divākare ,
śrutāyuṣamabhiprekṣya codayāmāsa vājinaḥ.

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā madhyaṃ prāpte
divākare śrutāyuṣam abhiprekṣya codayāmāsa vājinaḥ

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ divākare madhyaṃ prāpte rājā
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śrutāyuṣam abhiprekṣya vājinaḥ codayāmāsa

1. Sañjaya said: Then, when the sun reached midday, King Yudhiṣṭhira, seeing Śrutāyuṣa, urged his horses.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• मध्यं (madhyaṁ) - middle, center

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it reached (having reached, arrived, obtained)

• दिवाकरे (divākare) - when the sun [was in the middle] (in the sun, on the sun, when the sun)

• श्रुतायुषम् (śrutāyuṣam) - Śrutāyuṣa (proper name)

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - urged, impelled, drove

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, steeds

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, perfect third person singular, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

मध्यं (madhyaṁ) - middle, center

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, mid-day

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it reached (having reached, arrived, obtained)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-āp (to reach, obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'divākare' (sun) in an absolute locative construction.

दिवाकरे (divākare) - when the sun [was in the middle] (in the sun, on the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun (light-maker of the day)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, causing; hand
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix -a after root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolute locative construction with `prāpte`.

श्रुतायुषम् (śrutāyuṣam) - Śrutāyuṣa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śrutāyuṣ

śrutāyuṣ - Śrutāyuṣa (a king, 'whose lifespan is heard of')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śruta+āyuṣ)

• śruta – heard, renowned
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)
• āyuṣ – life, lifespan
  noun (neuter)

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix abhi-pra-īkṣ (to see, look at)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - urged, impelled, drove

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of cud

Causative Perfect Active

Causative stem coda- in perfect tense, third person singular, parasmaipada. (codayāṃ cakāra -> codayāmāsa)

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect form often used for causative verbs.

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, steeds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, strong