महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-7, verse-36

धनुःसंस्थे महाराज द्वे वर्षे दक्षिणोत्तरे ।
इलावृतं मध्यमं तु पञ्च वर्षाणि चैव ह ॥३६॥

36. dhanuḥsaṁsthe mahārāja dve varṣe dakṣiṇottare ,
ilāvṛtaṁ madhyamaṁ tu pañca varṣāṇi caiva ha.

36. dhanuḥ-samsthe mahā-rāja dve varṣe dakṣiṇa-uttare
ilāvṛtam madhyamam tu pañca varṣāṇi ca eva ha

36. mahā-rāja,
dhanuḥ-samsthe dve varṣe dakṣiṇa-uttare (staḥ); ilāvṛtam tu madhyamam (asti); ca pañca varṣāṇi eva ha (bhavanti)

36. O Great King, there are two crescent-shaped regions, a southern and a northern one. Ilāvṛta, however, is the central region, and there are indeed five such regions.

Words meanings summery:

• धनुः-सम्स्थे (dhanuḥ-samsthe) - crescent-shaped (bow-shaped, curved like a bow)

• महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - O Great King

• द्वे (dve) - two

• वर्षे (varṣe) - two regions

• दक्षिण-उत्तरे (dakṣiṇa-uttare) - southern and northern (regions)

• इलावृतम् (ilāvṛtam) - the Ilāvṛta region (Ilāvṛta (a central region))

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the central one (central, middle)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions (regions, years)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just so)

• ह (ha) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely)

Words meanings and morphology

धनुः-सम्स्थे (dhanuḥ-samsthe) - crescent-shaped (bow-shaped, curved like a bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of dhanuḥ-samstha

dhanuḥ-samstha - standing/located like a bow, bow-shaped

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanus+samstha)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• samstha – situated, standing, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from prefix sam- and root sthā-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sthā (class 1)

महा-राज (mahā-rāja) - O Great King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-rājan

mahā-rājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

वर्षे (varṣe) - two regions

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of varṣa

varṣa - region, continent, year, rain

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

दक्षिण-उत्तरे (dakṣiṇa-uttare) - southern and northern (regions)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of dakṣiṇa-uttara

dakṣiṇa-uttara - southern and northern

Dvandva compound listing two directions.

Compound type : dvandva (dakṣiṇa+uttara)

• dakṣiṇa – southern, right
  adjective (neuter)
• uttara – northern, upper, later
  adjective (neuter)

इलावृतम् (ilāvṛtam) - the Ilāvṛta region (Ilāvṛta (a central region))

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ilāvṛta

ilāvṛta - Ilāvṛta (name of the central region of Jambudvipa)

Note: Subject.

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - the central one (central, middle)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate

Root: madhya (base)

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - regions (regions, years)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - region, continent, year, rain

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (only, indeed, just so)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ह (ha) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

Expletive or emphatic particle.