महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-126, verse-5

कथं च ज्ञातयस्तात श्रेयांसः साधुसंमताः ।
तथान्याय्यमुपस्थातुं जिह्मेनाजिह्मचारिणः ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ ca jñātayastāta śreyāṁsaḥ sādhusaṁmatāḥ ,
tathānyāyyamupasthātuṁ jihmenājihmacāriṇaḥ.

5. kathaṃ ca jñātayaḥ tāta śreyāṃsaḥ sādhu-saṃmatāḥ
tathā an-yāyyam upasthātuṃ jihmena ajihma-cāriṇaḥ

5. tāta,
jñātayaḥ ca sādhu-saṃmatāḥ śreyāṃsaḥ kathaṃ tathā ajihma-cāriṇaḥ jihmena an-yāyyam upasthātuṃ (arhati)

5. O father, how can kinsmen who are superior and respected by virtuous people similarly inflict injustice upon honest individuals through a crooked person?

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

• च (ca) - and, also

• ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen, relatives

• तात (tāta) - O father, O dear one

• श्रेयांसः (śreyāṁsaḥ) - superior, excellent, better

• साधु-संमताः (sādhu-saṁmatāḥ) - approved by good people, respected by virtuous people

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that way, thus

• अन्-याय्यम् (an-yāyyam) - unjust, improper, unlawful

• उपस्थातुं (upasthātuṁ) - to stand near, to confront, to effect, to bring about, to inflict

• जिह्मेन (jihmena) - by a crooked person, by crooked means

• अजिह्म-चारिणः (ajihma-cāriṇaḥ) - towards/for straightforward persons, honest individuals

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen, relatives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family member

Root: jñā (class 9)

तात (tāta) - O father, O dear one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of address, often by a younger person to an older one)

श्रेयांसः (śreyāṁsaḥ) - superior, excellent, better

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreyas

śreyas - superior, better, excellent, auspicious

Comparative/superlative form from śrī-

साधु-संमताः (sādhu-saṁmatāḥ) - approved by good people, respected by virtuous people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu-saṃmata

sādhu-saṁmata - approved by good people, respected by virtuous people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sādhu+saṃmata)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, upright person
  noun (masculine)
• saṃmata – approved, esteemed, respected, agreed upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root man- (to think, believe) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that way, thus

(indeclinable)

अन्-याय्यम् (an-yāyyam) - unjust, improper, unlawful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of an-yāyya

an-yāyya - unjust, improper, unlawful

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yāyya)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• yāyya – proper, lawful, just, right
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root yā- (to go)
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here.

उपस्थातुं (upasthātuṁ) - to stand near, to confront, to effect, to bring about, to inflict

(verb)

infinitive of upasthātum

Infinitive

Infinitive of root sthā- (to stand) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

जिह्मेन (jihmena) - by a crooked person, by crooked means

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jihma

jihma - crooked, sly, dishonest, perverse

अजिह्म-चारिणः (ajihma-cāriṇaḥ) - towards/for straightforward persons, honest individuals

(noun)

masculine, plural of ajihma-cārin

ajihma-cārin - one who acts straightforwardly, honest, upright

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jihma+cārin)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• jihma – crooked, sly, dishonest
  adjective
• cārin – moving, acting, behaving; one who acts/conducts
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root car- (to move, act)
  Root: car (class 1)