महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-126, verse-10

जानन्ति कुरवः सर्वे यथोक्ताः कुरुसंसदि ।
दुःशासनेन कौन्तेयाः प्रव्रजन्तः परंतपाः ॥१०॥

10. jānanti kuravaḥ sarve yathoktāḥ kurusaṁsadi ,
duḥśāsanena kaunteyāḥ pravrajantaḥ paraṁtapāḥ.

10. jānanti kuravaḥ sarve yathā uktāḥ kurusaṃsadi
duḥśāsanena kaunteyāḥ pravrajantaḥ paraṃtapāḥ

10. sarve kuravaḥ jānanti yathā kaunteyāḥ paraṃtapāḥ
pravrajantaḥ duḥśāsanena kurusaṃsadi uktāḥ

10. All the Kurus know how the sons of Kuntī (Kaunteyāḥ), who are tormentors of their enemies, were spoken to by Duḥśāsana in the assembly of the Kurus when they were departing for exile.

Words meanings summery:

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The members of the Kuru clan, specifically referring to the elders and others present in the assembly. (the Kurus)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• यथा (yathā) - In the manner that (as, just as, according to)

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - The way the Pāṇḍavas were spoken to (insultingly). (spoken, said, addressed)

• कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - Refers to the dice-game assembly where Draupadi was humiliated and the Pāṇḍavas were sent to exile. (in the assembly of the Kurus)

• दुःशासनेन (duḥśāsanena) - The specific act of abuse by Duḥśāsana, likely referring to his attempt to disrobe Draupadi. (by Duḥśāsana)

• कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - Refers specifically to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna) born to Kuntī. (the sons of Kuntī)

• प्रव्रजन्तः (pravrajantaḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas' departure for their 13-year exile. (departing, going into exile, wandering forth)

• परंतपाः (paraṁtapāḥ) - An epithet for the powerful Pāṇḍavas, highlighting their inherent strength despite their current plight. (tormentors of foes, vanquishers of enemies)

Words meanings and morphology

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present active indicative

3rd person plural, Parasmaipada.

Root: jñā (class 9)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The members of the Kuru clan, specifically referring to the elders and others present in the assembly. (the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a member of the Kuru dynasty, the people of Kuru's country

Note: The subjects of the Kuru kingdom, including elders.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with kuravaḥ.

यथा (yathā) - In the manner that (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms an adverbial phrase with uktāḥ.

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - The way the Pāṇḍavas were spoken to (insultingly). (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak), irregular past passive participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to the manner in which the Kaunteyas were spoken to.

कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - Refers to the dice-game assembly where Draupadi was humiliated and the Pāṇḍavas were sent to exile. (in the assembly of the Kurus)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kurusaṃsad

kurusaṁsad - assembly of the Kurus

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+saṃsad)

• kuru – Kuru (dynasty, people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, council, meeting
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-sad (to sit together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to the dice game incident.

दुःशासनेन (duḥśāsanena) - The specific act of abuse by Duḥśāsana, likely referring to his attempt to disrobe Draupadi. (by Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (name of a Kaurava prince)

Compound: duḥ (bad, difficult) + śāsana (ruling, commanding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+śāsana)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  prefix
• śāsana – ruling, commanding, discipline, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to rule, command)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: The agent of the verbal action implied by 'uktāḥ'.

कौन्तेयाः (kaunteyāḥ) - Refers specifically to the Pāṇḍavas (Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna) born to Kuntī. (the sons of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī

Patronymic derivation from kuntī + eya suffix.

Note: Subject of 'uktāḥ' (were spoken to).

प्रव्रजन्तः (pravrajantaḥ) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas' departure for their 13-year exile. (departing, going into exile, wandering forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravrajat

pravrajat - departing, going forth, going into exile, becoming an ascetic

Present Active Participle

From pra-vraj (to go forth, depart)

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Describes the Kaunteyas as they were leaving.

परंतपाः (paraṁtapāḥ) - An epithet for the powerful Pāṇḍavas, highlighting their inherent strength despite their current plight. (tormentors of foes, vanquishers of enemies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormenting enemies, vexing foes, vanquisher of enemies

Compound. param (enemy) + tapa (tormentor).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – causing pain, tormenting (from tap, to heat, to suffer, to torment)
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root tap.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kaunteyāḥ.