महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-30, verse-48

कालोऽयं दारुणः प्राप्तो भरतानामभूतये ।
निश्चितं मे सदैवैतत्पुरस्तादपि भामिनि ॥४८॥

48. kālo'yaṁ dāruṇaḥ prāpto bharatānāmabhūtaye ,
niścitaṁ me sadaivaitatpurastādapi bhāmini.

48. kālaḥ ayam dāruṇaḥ prāptaḥ bharatānām abhūtaye
niścitam me sadā eva etat purastāt api bhāmini

48. This terrible time has arrived for the destruction of the Bharatas. This has always been certainly decided by me, even beforehand, O shining one.

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - terrible, dreadful

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

• अभूतये (abhūtaye) - for the destruction (for non-existence, for ruin)

• निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, decided

• मे (me) - by me

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• एव (eva) - indeed, only

• एतत् (etat) - this matter (the arrival of this terrible time) (this)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - even beforehand (before, formerly)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• भामिनि (bhāmini) - O beautiful/passionate woman (vocative) (O shining one)

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, period

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, suitable time, death

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Modifies `kālaḥ`.

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, fierce, cruel, harsh

Note: Modifies `kālaḥ`.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-āp (5P) 'to obtain, reach'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for `kālaḥ`.

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient Indian tribe/lineage

Note: Indicates the group for whom the time has arrived.

अभूतये (abhūtaye) - for the destruction (for non-existence, for ruin)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of abhūti

abhūti - non-existence, ruin, destruction, misfortune, lack of prosperity

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhūti)

• a – non-, un-
  indeclinable
• bhūti – existence, prosperity, welfare
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose ('for ruin').

निश्चितम् (niścitam) - certain, decided

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niścita

niścita - certain, decided, determined, sure, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ni-ci (5P) 'to ascertain, determine'.

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'etat' (this matter) as having been decided.

मे (me) - by me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of `mama`, here indicating the agent of the passive participle `niścitam`.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

एव (eva) - indeed, only

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this matter (the arrival of this terrible time) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Subject of the implicit 'is'.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - even beforehand (before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

भामिनि (bhāmini) - O beautiful/passionate woman (vocative) (O shining one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - shining woman, beautiful woman, passionate woman, angry woman

Note: A term of address, likely to Draupadi.