महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-30, verse-40

तां क्षमामीदृशीं कृष्णे कथमस्मद्विधस्त्यजेत् ।
यस्यां ब्रह्म च सत्यं च यज्ञा लोकाश्च विष्ठिताः ।
भुज्यन्ते यज्वनां लोकाः क्षमिणामपरे तथा ॥४०॥

40. tāṁ kṣamāmīdṛśīṁ kṛṣṇe kathamasmadvidhastyajet ,
yasyāṁ brahma ca satyaṁ ca yajñā lokāśca viṣṭhitāḥ ,
bhujyante yajvanāṁ lokāḥ kṣamiṇāmapare tathā.

40. tām kṣamām īdṛśīm kṛṣṇe katham asmadvidhaḥ
tyajet yasyām brahma ca satyam
ca yajñāḥ lokāḥ ca viṣṭhitāḥ bhujyante
yajvanām lokāḥ kṣamiṇām apare tathā

40. O Kṛṣṇa, how could someone like us abandon such a quality of forgiveness (kṣamā)? It is in forgiveness that both the Absolute (brahma) and truth (satya) are firmly established, as are ritual Vedic rituals (yajña) and various worlds. The worlds of those who perform ritual Vedic rituals (yajña) are enjoyed, and similarly, other worlds are enjoyed by the forgiving.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (forgiveness) (that (feminine))

• क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - forgiveness, patience

• ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - such (forgiveness) (such, of this kind)

• कृष्णे (kṛṣṇe) - O Kṛṣṇa

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - one like us, such as us

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

• यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which (forgiveness) (in which (feminine))

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the Absolute (brahma) (sacred knowledge, spiritual discipline, Brahman (the Absolute))

• च (ca) - and, also

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, righteousness

• च (ca) - and, also

• यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - ritual sacrifices (yajña) (sacrifices (yajña), ritual offerings)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

• च (ca) - and, also

• विष्ठिताः (viṣṭhitāḥ) - firmly established (established, situated, located)

• भुज्यन्ते (bhujyante) - are enjoyed, are possessed

• यज्वनाम् (yajvanām) - of those who perform sacrifices, of sacrificers

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

• क्षमिणाम् (kṣamiṇām) - of the forgiving, of the patient ones

• अपरे (apare) - others

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (forgiveness) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

क्षमाम् (kṣamām) - forgiveness, patience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, endurance

Root: kṣam (class 1)

ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - such (forgiveness) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īdṛśī

īdṛś - such, like this

कृष्णे (kṛṣṇe) - O Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa, dark, black

Root: kṛṣ

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

अस्मद्विधः (asmadvidhaḥ) - one like us, such as us

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmadvidha

asmadvidha - one like us, our kind

Compound 'asmad' (us) + 'vidha' (kind, sort)

Compound type : tatpurusha (asmad+vidha)

• asmad – us, our
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun
  Root: dhā

Note: Refers to 'one like us' implicitly.

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - should abandon, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

optative mood

3rd person singular optative active

Root: tyaj (class 1)

यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which (forgiveness) (in which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the Absolute (brahma) (sacred knowledge, spiritual discipline, Brahman (the Absolute))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahma

brahma - sacred knowledge, sacred word, the Absolute

Root: bṛh

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, righteousness

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यज्ञाः (yajñāḥ) - ritual sacrifices (yajña) (sacrifices (yajña), ritual offerings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, offering, devotion

Root: yaj (class 1)

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

Root: lok (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विष्ठिताः (viṣṭhitāḥ) - firmly established (established, situated, located)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - established, situated, located, standing

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'vi' and root 'sthā' (to stand, to be). The 'ṣ' is due to internal sandhi after 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `brahma`, `satyam`, `yajñāḥ`, `lokāḥ`.

भुज्यन्ते (bhujyante) - are enjoyed, are possessed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

present tense

3rd person plural present tense middle voice

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: This is passive in meaning 'are enjoyed'.

यज्वनाम् (yajvanām) - of those who perform sacrifices, of sacrificers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yajvan

yajvan - sacrificer, one who performs sacrifices

Agent noun from root 'yaj' with suffix -van

Root: yaj (class 1)

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, realms, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

Root: lok (class 1)

क्षमिणाम् (kṣamiṇām) - of the forgiving, of the patient ones

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of kṣamin

kṣamin - forgiving, patient

-in suffix from root kṣam

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a substantive (noun) here.

अपरे (apare) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

Note: Refers to 'worlds' (lokāḥ).

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)