महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-30, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
क्रोधो हन्ता मनुष्याणां क्रोधो भावयिता पुनः ।
इति विद्धि महाप्राज्ञे क्रोधमूलौ भवाभवौ ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
krodho hantā manuṣyāṇāṁ krodho bhāvayitā punaḥ ,
iti viddhi mahāprājñe krodhamūlau bhavābhavau.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca krodhaḥ hantā manuṣyāṇām krodhaḥ
bhāvayitā punaḥ iti viddhi mahāprājñe krodhamūlau bhavābhavau

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Anger (krodha) is the killer of human beings, and anger (krodha) is also their sustainer. Therefore, know this, O greatly wise one, that existence and non-existence have anger (krodha) as their root."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

• हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of human beings, of men

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

• भावयिता (bhāvayitā) - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative)

• महाप्राज्ञे (mahāprājñe) - O greatly wise one

• क्रोधमूलौ (krodhamūlau) - having anger as their root, rooted in anger

• भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, prosperity and ruin

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, son of Dharma, eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), active voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - killer, slayer, destroyer

Agent noun

Derived from root han (to strike, kill). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: han (class 2)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of human beings, of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

भावयिता (bhāvayitā) - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāvayitṛ

bhāvayitṛ - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer, cause of existence

Agent noun (causative)

Derived from causative of root bhū (to be, become). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative mood (loṭ), active voice, 2nd person singular. Formed from root vid (2nd class).

Root: vid (class 2)

महाप्राज्ञे (mahāprājñe) - O greatly wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mahāprājñā

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressing a female (Draupadi).

क्रोधमूलौ (krodhamūlau) - having anger as their root, rooted in anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of krodhamūla

krodhamūla - rooted in anger, having anger as the cause

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+mūla)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• mūla – root, origin, cause
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavābhavau' (dual).

भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, prosperity and ruin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhavābhava

bhavābhava - existence and non-existence, creation and destruction, prosperity and ruin

Compound type : dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – existence, being, prosperity, creation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, destruction, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  Negative of bhava.
  Prefix: a