महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-30, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
क्रोधो हन्ता मनुष्याणां क्रोधो भावयिता पुनः ।
इति विद्धि महाप्राज्ञे क्रोधमूलौ भवाभवौ ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
krodho hantā manuṣyāṇāṁ krodho bhāvayitā punaḥ ,
iti viddhi mahāprājñe krodhamūlau bhavābhavau.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca krodhaḥ hantā manuṣyāṇām krodhaḥ
bhāvayitā punaḥ iti viddhi mahāprājñe krodhamūlau bhavābhavau

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Anger (krodha) is the killer of human beings, and anger (krodha) is also their sustainer. Therefore, know this, O greatly wise one, that existence and non-existence have anger (krodha) as their root."

1. יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה אמר, כעס הורג בני אדם, ובכעס גם נעוץ צמיחתם מחדש. דעי זאת, הו חכמה מאוד, ששורש ההתהוות וההכחדה הוא הכעס.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

• हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

• मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of human beings, of men

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

• भावयिता (bhāvayitā) - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative)

• महाप्राज्ञे (mahāprājñe) - O greatly wise one

• क्रोधमूलौ (krodhamūlau) - having anger as their root, rooted in anger

• भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, prosperity and ruin

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, son of Dharma, eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), active voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

हन्ता (hantā) - killer, slayer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - killer, slayer, destroyer

Agent noun

Derived from root han (to strike, kill). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: han (class 2)

मनुष्याणाम् (manuṣyāṇām) - of human beings, of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Root: krudh (class 4)

भावयिता (bhāvayitā) - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāvayitṛ

bhāvayitṛ - sustainer, producer, creator, nurturer, cause of existence

Agent noun (causative)

Derived from causative of root bhū (to be, become). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative mood (loṭ), active voice, 2nd person singular. Formed from root vid (2nd class).

Root: vid (class 2)

महाप्राज्ञे (mahāprājñe) - O greatly wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mahāprājñā

mahāprājña - greatly wise, very intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressing a female (Draupadi).

क्रोधमूलौ (krodhamūlau) - having anger as their root, rooted in anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of krodhamūla

krodhamūla - rooted in anger, having anger as the cause

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+mūla)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• mūla – root, origin, cause
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'bhavābhavau' (dual).

भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, prosperity and ruin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhavābhava

bhavābhava - existence and non-existence, creation and destruction, prosperity and ruin

Compound type : dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – existence, being, prosperity, creation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, destruction, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  Negative of bhava.
  Prefix: a

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