महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-261, verse-31

गतो दशरथः स्वर्गं वनस्थौ रामलक्ष्मणौ ।
गृहाण राज्यं विपुलं क्षेमं निहतकण्टकम् ॥३१॥

31. gato daśarathaḥ svargaṁ vanasthau rāmalakṣmaṇau ,
gṛhāṇa rājyaṁ vipulaṁ kṣemaṁ nihatakaṇṭakam.

31. gataḥ daśarathaḥ svargam vanasthau rāmalakṣmaṇau
gṛhāṇa rājyam vipulam kṣemam nihatakaṇṭakam

31. Daśaratha has gone to heaven, and Rama and Lakṣmaṇa are residing in the forest. Therefore, take this vast, secure, and thorn-free kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha (name of a king)

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial abode

• वनस्थौ (vanasthau) - those residing in the forest

• रामलक्ष्मणौ (rāmalakṣmaṇau) - Rama and Lakshmana

• गृहाण (gṛhāṇa) - take, accept, seize

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, extensive, abundant

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - safe, secure, prosperous

• निहतकण्टकम् (nihatakaṇṭakam) - rid of enemies/thorns, secure from dangers

Words meanings and morphology

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) + ktā (past passive participle suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'daśarathaḥ'.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasaratha (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasaratha (father of Rama)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial abode

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode, paradise

Root: svṛj

Note: Directional accusative, 'to heaven'.

वनस्थौ (vanasthau) - those residing in the forest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vanastha

vanastha - residing in the forest, forest-dweller

Compound of vana (forest) and stha (standing/residing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+stha)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, residing
  adjective
  Derived from root sthā (to stand/stay)
  Derived from root sthā (Class 1) with suffix -a (agent noun/adjective).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmalakṣmaṇau'.

रामलक्ष्मणौ (rāmalakṣmaṇau) - Rama and Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rāmalakṣmaṇa

rāmalakṣmaṇa - Rama and Lakshmana (the two brothers)

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+lakṣmaṇa)

• rāma – Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana
  proper noun (masculine)

गृहाण (gṛhāṇa) - take, accept, seize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of grah

Imperative Mood

Root grah (Class 9), Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: grah (class 9)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule

Derived from rājan (king) + ya (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'gṛhāṇa'.

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, extensive, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, extensive, large, abundant

Note: Modifies 'rājyam'.

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - safe, secure, prosperous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - safety, security, prosperity, well-being

Root: kṣi (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'rājyam'.

निहतकण्टकम् (nihatakaṇṭakam) - rid of enemies/thorns, secure from dangers

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nihatakaṇṭaka

nihatakaṇṭaka - free from thorns/enemies, secure

Bahuvrīhi compound: ni-hata (destroyed) + kaṇṭaka (thorn/enemy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nihata+kaṇṭaka)

• nihata – struck down, destroyed, killed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike/kill) with prefix ni + ktā.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, enemy, obstacle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rājyam'.