महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-261, verse-26

स तद्राजा वचः श्रुत्वा विप्रियं दारुणोदयम् ।
दुःखार्तो भरतश्रेष्ठ न किंचिद्व्याजहार ह ॥२६॥

26. sa tadrājā vacaḥ śrutvā vipriyaṁ dāruṇodayam ,
duḥkhārto bharataśreṣṭha na kiṁcidvyājahāra ha.

26. saḥ tat rājā vacaḥ śrutvā vipriyam dāruṇodayam
duḥkhārtaḥ bharataśreṣṭha na kiñcit vyājahāra ha

26. Having heard those disagreeable words that heralded a harsh outcome, that king, tormented by sorrow, said nothing at all. (O best of Bharatas!)

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that one)

• तत् (tat) - that (word) (that)

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - the queen's words (commanding Rāma's exile) (word, speech, statement)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - disagreeable, unpleasant

• दारुणोदयम् (dāruṇodayam) - bringing severe consequences (causing a harsh outcome, having a terrible rise)

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - tormented by grief (due to Kaikeyī's demands) (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by suffering)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - An epithet addressing a listener or an ideal person, often used by the narrator (O best among the Bharatas)

• न (na) - not, no

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - nothing at all (in a negative context) (anything, something)

• व्याजहार (vyājahāra) - spoke, said, uttered

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to King Daśaratha

तत् (tat) - that (word) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: In apposition to 'saḥ'

वचः (vacaḥ) - the queen's words (commanding Rāma's exile) (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Indeclinable participle formed from the root √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - disagreeable, unpleasant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+priya)

• vi – away, apart, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'

दारुणोदयम् (dāruṇodayam) - bringing severe consequences (causing a harsh outcome, having a terrible rise)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇodaya

dāruṇodaya - having a cruel or terrible rise/outcome

Compound type : tatpurusha (dāruṇa+udaya)

• dāruṇa – harsh, cruel, severe, terrible
  adjective (masculine)
• udaya – rising, emergence, outcome, consequence, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √i with prefix 'ud-'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - tormented by grief (due to Kaikeyī's demands) (afflicted by sorrow, distressed by suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by pain/sorrow

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ṛ (to go, to reach) or √āp (to obtain) with prefix 'ā-'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - An epithet addressing a listener or an ideal person, often used by the narrator (O best among the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – Bharata (proper name); a descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

Note: An address, likely by the narrator

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - nothing at all (in a negative context) (anything, something)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'na' for emphasis: 'na kiñcit' = 'nothing at all'

व्याजहार (vyājahāra) - spoke, said, uttered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vyāhṛ

Perfect tense form of the root √hṛ with prefixes 'vi-ā-'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)