महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-180, verse-43

पुरावृत्ताः कथाः पुण्याः सदाचाराः सनातनाः ।
राज्ञां स्त्रीणामृषीणां च मार्कण्डेय विचक्ष्व नः ॥४३॥

43. purāvṛttāḥ kathāḥ puṇyāḥ sadācārāḥ sanātanāḥ ,
rājñāṁ strīṇāmṛṣīṇāṁ ca mārkaṇḍeya vicakṣva naḥ.

43. purāvṛttāḥ kathāḥ puṇyāḥ sadācārāḥ sanātanāḥ
rājñām strīṇām ṛṣīṇām ca Mārkaṇḍeya vicakṣva naḥ

43. O Mārkaṇḍeya, please narrate to us the sacred ancient stories and the eternal virtuous conduct (dharma) of kings, women, and sages.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरावृत्ताः (purāvṛttāḥ) - ancient, past events

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, narratives

• पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - sacred, meritorious, holy

• सदाचाराः (sadācārāḥ) - Refers to exemplary conduct that aligns with natural law (dharma). (virtuous practices, good conduct)

• सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, ancient

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of sages

• च (ca) - and, also

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Addressing the revered sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (O Mārkaṇḍeya)

• विचक्ष्व (vicakṣva) - Command to Mārkaṇḍeya to tell the stories. (narrate, tell)

• नः (naḥ) - Dative pronoun 'to us'. (to us, our)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरावृत्ताः (purāvṛttāḥ) - ancient, past events

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of purāvṛtta

purāvṛtta - happened in the past, ancient, old, a past event

Past Passive Participle

Derived from purā (formerly) + vṛtta (happened/occurred, past participle of √vṛt).

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, narratives

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, fable

From √kath (to tell).

Root: √kath (class 10)

पुण्याः (puṇyāḥ) - sacred, meritorious, holy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, holy, pure, meritorious, virtuous, good deed

सदाचाराः (sadācārāḥ) - Refers to exemplary conduct that aligns with natural law (dharma). (virtuous practices, good conduct)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sadācāra

sadācāra - good conduct, virtuous practice, proper behavior, custom, natural law (dharma)

सनातनाः (sanātanāḥ) - eternal, ancient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, primeval, constant, traditional

From sanā (from of old) + tana (suffix indicating belonging to).

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - of women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of sages

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, an ancient wise man

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Addressing the revered sage Mārkaṇḍeya. (O Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Mārkaṇḍeya

Mārkaṇḍeya - Name of a famous ancient sage, a son of Mṛkaṇḍu.

Patronymic from Mṛkaṇḍu.

विचक्ष्व (vicakṣva) - Command to Mārkaṇḍeya to tell the stories. (narrate, tell)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vicakṣ

Imperative

From vi + √cakṣ (to see, perceive, tell). Second person singular, middle voice imperative.

Prefix: vi

Root: √cakṣ (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - Dative pronoun 'to us'. (to us, our)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we