महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-180, verse-20

यदा जनौघः कुरुजाङ्गलानां कृष्णां सभायामवशामपश्यत् ।
अपेतधर्मव्यवहारवृत्तं सहेत तत्पाण्डव कस्त्वदन्यः ॥२०॥

20. yadā janaughaḥ kurujāṅgalānāṁ; kṛṣṇāṁ sabhāyāmavaśāmapaśyat ,
apetadharmavyavahāravṛttaṁ; saheta tatpāṇḍava kastvadanyaḥ.

20. yadā janaughaḥ kurujāṅgalānām
kṛṣṇām sabhāyām avaśām apaśyat
apetadharmavyavahāravṛttam
saheta tat pāṇḍava kaḥ tvat anyaḥ

20. When the multitude of people from Kuru-Jangala saw Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) helpless in the assembly, where the natural law (dharma), customs, and proper conduct had disappeared, O Pāṇḍava, who else but you would have tolerated that?

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when

• जनौघः (janaughaḥ) - multitude of people, crowd

• कुरुजाङ्गलानाम् (kurujāṅgalānām) - Refers to the inhabitants of the Kuru-Jangala region. (of the Kuru-Jangalas (people from the Kuru-Jangala region))

• कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Refers to Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the council

• अवशाम् (avaśām) - Refers to Draupadī's state of vulnerability. (helpless, powerless, out of control)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

• अपेतधर्मव्यवहारवृत्तम् (apetadharmavyavahāravṛttam) - Describing the assembly where ethical principles were abandoned. (where natural law (dharma), customs, and conduct had departed)

• सहेत (saheta) - would tolerate, would endure

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the situation of Draupadī's humiliation. (that)

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava. (O Pāṇḍava, O son of Pāṇḍu)

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• त्वत् (tvat) - Used in a comparative sense: "other than you". (from you, than you)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

जनौघः (janaughaḥ) - multitude of people, crowd

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaugha

janaugha - multitude of people, crowd, mass of men

Compound of 'jana' (people) and 'ogha' (multitude)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ogha)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ogha – flood, stream, multitude, mass
  noun (masculine)

कुरुजाङ्गलानाम् (kurujāṅgalānām) - Refers to the inhabitants of the Kuru-Jangala region. (of the Kuru-Jangalas (people from the Kuru-Jangala region))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurujāṅgala

kurujāṅgala - the Kuru-Jangala region, its inhabitants

Compound of 'kuru' and 'jāṅgala'

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+jāṅgala)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe/region
  proper noun (masculine)
• jāṅgala – arid land, desert-like, uncultivated, wild
  noun (neuter)

कृष्णाम् (kṛṣṇām) - Refers to Draupadī, wife of the Pāṇḍavas. (Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Draupadī (feminine form of Kṛṣṇa, also meaning dark-complexioned)

Feminine form of Kṛṣṇa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the council

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, hall

With prefix 'sa' (together) + root 'bhā' (to shine, to appear)

Prefix: sa

Root: bhā (class 2)

अवशाम् (avaśām) - Refers to Draupadī's state of vulnerability. (helpless, powerless, out of control)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - powerless, helpless, dependent, unwilling

'a' (negation) + 'vaśa' (will, control)

Prefix: a

Root: vaś (class 1)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, active voice. Root 'dṛś' takes 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अपेतधर्मव्यवहारवृत्तम् (apetadharmavyavahāravṛttam) - Describing the assembly where ethical principles were abandoned. (where natural law (dharma), customs, and conduct had departed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apetadharmavyavahāravṛtta

apetadharmavyavahāravṛtta - (a place) where natural law (dharma), custom, and conduct have departed

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'apeta' (departed) + 'dharma' (natural law) + 'vyavahāra' (custom) + 'vṛtta' (conduct).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (apeta+dharma+vyavahāra+vṛtta)

• apeta – departed, gone away, missing
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'apa' (away) + root 'i' (to go)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)
• dharma – natural law (dharma), constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vyavahāra – conduct, custom, usage, legal proceeding, transaction
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + 'ava' + root 'hṛ' (to carry)
  Prefixes: vi+ava
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• vṛtta – conduct, course, action, event
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied 'sabhām' (assembly) in the previous clause.

सहेत (saheta) - would tolerate, would endure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of sah

Optative, middle voice

3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root: sah (class 1)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the situation of Draupadī's humiliation. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava. (O Pāṇḍava, O son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of 'kim'

त्वत् (tvat) - Used in a comparative sense: "other than you". (from you, than you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Ablative singular of 'yuṣmad'

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Masculine nominative singular