महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-180, verse-16

धर्मः परः पाण्डव राज्यलाभात्तस्यार्थमाहुस्तप एव राजन् ।
सत्यार्जवाभ्यां चरता स्वधर्मं जितस्तवायं च परश्च लोकः ॥१६॥

16. dharmaḥ paraḥ pāṇḍava rājyalābhā;ttasyārthamāhustapa eva rājan ,
satyārjavābhyāṁ caratā svadharmaṁ; jitastavāyaṁ ca paraśca lokaḥ.

16. dharmaḥ paraḥ pāṇḍava rājyalābhāt
tasya artham āhuḥ tapaḥ eva rājan
satya ārjavābhyām caratā svadharmam
jitaḥ tava ayam ca paraḥ ca lokaḥ

16. O Pāṇḍava, upholding the natural law (dharma) is supreme, even more so than acquiring a kingdom. O King, for that purpose, they declare that austerity (tapas) is indeed the means. By following your own intrinsic nature (svadharma) with truth and straightforwardness, you have conquered both this world and the other.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - upholding the natural law or intrinsic nature (natural law, constitution, duty, intrinsic nature)

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, superior, highest, chief

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O Pāṇḍava)

• राज्यलाभात् (rājyalābhāt) - than gaining a kingdom, from the acquisition of a kingdom

• तस्य (tasya) - for the purpose of upholding dharma (of that, for that)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• राजन् (rājan) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

• सत्य (satya) - truth, reality

• आर्जवाभ्याम् (ārjavābhyām) - by straightforwardness, by sincerity

• चरता (caratā) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, who is practicing (svadharma) (by acting, by practicing, by conducting oneself)

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's own intrinsic nature or duty as a king (one's own natural law, one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty)

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished

• तव (tava) - by you, your

• अयम् (ayam) - this world (this)

• च (ca) - and

• परः (paraḥ) - the other (world) (other, supreme)

• च (ca) - and

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - upholding the natural law or intrinsic nature (natural law, constitution, duty, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, superior, highest, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, superior, other

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

राज्यलाभात् (rājyalābhāt) - than gaining a kingdom, from the acquisition of a kingdom

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rājyalābha

rājyalābha - gain of a kingdom, acquisition of sovereignty

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+lābha)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, kingship
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'rājan' (king).
• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'labh' (to obtain).
  Root: labh (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - for the purpose of upholding dharma (of that, for that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अर्थम् (artham) - for the purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, thing

Note: Often used adverbially to indicate purpose or 'for the sake of'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Irregular verb form, often translated as 'they say'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual fervor)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

From root 'tap' (to heat, to burn, to perform austerities).

Root: tap (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सत्य (satya) - truth, reality

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of satya

satya - truth, reality, sincerity

Note: Used as part of a dual compound with 'ārjava' meaning 'by truth and straightforwardness'.

आर्जवाभ्याम् (ārjavābhyām) - by straightforwardness, by sincerity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of ārjava

ārjava - straightforwardness, sincerity, honesty

Derived from 'ṛju' (straight).

Note: Used as part of a dual compound with 'satya' meaning 'by truth and straightforwardness'.

चरता (caratā) - by Yudhiṣṭhira, who is practicing (svadharma) (by acting, by practicing, by conducting oneself)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of carat

carat - acting, moving, practicing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'car' (to move, to act, to practice).

Root: car (class 1)

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - Yudhiṣṭhira's own intrinsic nature or duty as a king (one's own natural law, one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law, one's own intrinsic nature, one's own duty, particular practice

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer, win).

Root: ji (class 1)

तव (tava) - by you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Used as agent in a passive construction.

अयम् (ayam) - this world (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

परः (paraḥ) - the other (world) (other, supreme)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, highest

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, realm

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

From root 'lok' (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 1)