महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-180, verse-39

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा वदति वार्ष्णेये धर्मराजे च भारत ।
अथ पश्चात्तपोवृद्धो बहुवर्षसहस्रधृक् ।
प्रत्यदृश्यत धर्मात्मा मार्कण्डेयो महातपाः ॥३९॥

39. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā vadati vārṣṇeye dharmarāje ca bhārata ,
atha paścāttapovṛddho bahuvarṣasahasradhṛk ,
pratyadṛśyata dharmātmā mārkaṇḍeyo mahātapāḥ.

39. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tathā vadati vārṣṇeye
dharmarāje ca bhārata | atha paścāt
tapovṛddhaḥ bahuvarṣasahastradhṛk | prati
adṛśyata dharmātmā mārkaṇḍeyaḥ mahātapāḥ

39. Vaiśampāyana said: O Bhārata, while Vārṣṇeya (Krishna) and Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) were speaking thus, then afterwards, the great ascetic (mahātapāḥ) Mārkaṇḍeya, whose soul was aligned with righteousness (dharmātmā), and who was advanced in age due to his ascetic practices (tapas) and had lived for many thousands of years, appeared.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• वदति (vadati) - while speaking (speaks, is speaking)

• वार्ष्णेये (vārṣṇeye) - while Vārṣṇeya (Krishna) (to Vārṣṇeya, about Vārṣṇeya, in Vārṣṇeya)

• धर्मराजे (dharmarāje) - while Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to Dharmarāja, about Dharmarāja, in Dharmarāja)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards (afterwards, behind, from behind)

• तपोवृद्धः (tapovṛddhaḥ) - advanced in age due to his ascetic practices (tapas) (grown old through asceticism (tapas))

• बहुवर्षसहस्त्रधृक् (bahuvarṣasahastradhṛk) - having lived for many thousands of years (having sustained thousands of years, having lived for many thousands of years)

• प्रति (prati) - prefix in verb 'prati adṛśyata' (towards, against, in return)

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (was seen, appeared)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled (dharmātmā) (whose soul is (inclined towards) dharma, righteous-souled)

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic (mahātapāḥ) (having great asceticism, a great ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac (to speak), perfect tense form.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

वदति (vadati) - while speaking (speaks, is speaking)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vad

vad - to speak, to say

present participle

Locative singular of present participle, used adverbially (locative absolute)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, masculine, singular, locative case. Used in a locative absolute construction.

वार्ष्णेये (vārṣṇeye) - while Vārṣṇeya (Krishna) (to Vārṣṇeya, about Vārṣṇeya, in Vārṣṇeya)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi; Krishna

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

धर्मराजे (dharmarāje) - while Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to Dharmarāja, about Dharmarāja, in Dharmarāja)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, Yudhiṣṭhira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards (afterwards, behind, from behind)

(indeclinable)

तपोवृद्धः (tapovṛddhaḥ) - advanced in age due to his ascetic practices (tapas) (grown old through asceticism (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapovṛddha

tapovṛddha - grown old by asceticism, strengthened by asceticism

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vṛddha)

• tapas – asceticism, heat, penance, austerity (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vṛddha – old, grown, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

बहुवर्षसहस्त्रधृक् (bahuvarṣasahastradhṛk) - having lived for many thousands of years (having sustained thousands of years, having lived for many thousands of years)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuvarṣasahastradhṛk

bahuvarṣasahastradhṛk - one who has borne (lived through) many thousands of years

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+varṣa+sahasra+dhṛ)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• dhṛk – bearing, holding, sustaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Kvin affix (agent noun)
  From root dhṛ (to bear, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular form from a Kvin affix ending compound.

प्रति (prati) - prefix in verb 'prati adṛśyata' (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: Upasarga.

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - appeared (was seen, appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice, with augment 'a'

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Root 'dṛś' (to see) with augment 'a' and prefix 'prati'. Meaning 'appeared'.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - righteous-souled (dharmātmā) (whose soul is (inclined towards) dharma, righteous-souled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, whose soul is dharma

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of an n-stem compound.

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a famous sage)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - the great ascetic (mahātapāḥ) (having great asceticism, a great ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - one with great asceticism, a great ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, heat, penance, austerity (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of an s-stem compound (mahātapas).