महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-57

ततः श्रान्तं तु तद्रक्षो भीमसेनभुजाहतम् ।
सुपरिश्रान्तमालक्ष्य भीमसेनोऽभ्यवर्तत ॥५७॥

57. tataḥ śrāntaṁ tu tadrakṣo bhīmasenabhujāhatam ,
supariśrāntamālakṣya bhīmaseno'bhyavartata.

57. tataḥ śrāntam tu tat rakṣaḥ bhīmasenabhujāhatam
supariśrāntam ālakṣya bhīmasenaḥ abhyavartata

57. Then, seeing that demon to be weary, struck by Bhīmasena's arm, and exceedingly exhausted, Bhīmasena attacked him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - sequence of events (then, from there, thereafter)

• श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted, weary, tired

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तत् (tat) - referring to the demon (that)

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - the demon Hiḍimba (demon, evil spirit)

• भीमसेनभुजाहतम् (bhīmasenabhujāhatam) - struck by Bhīmasena's arm

• सुपरिश्रान्तम् (supariśrāntam) - very much exhausted, exceedingly weary

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, having seen, having observed

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (proper noun)

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he turned towards, he advanced, he attacked

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - sequence of events (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' with the ablative suffix '-tas'.

श्रान्तम् (śrāntam) - exhausted, weary, tired

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śrānta

śrānta - exhausted, weary, at rest, appeased

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śram' (to be weary, to exert oneself).

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Refers to the demon.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - referring to the demon (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective modifying 'rakṣaḥ'.

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - the demon Hiḍimba (demon, evil spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, fiend, evil being

From root 'rakṣ' (to protect) + 'as' suffix (or directly as 'rakṣas' meaning 'injurer').

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: The demon being observed by Bhīmasena.

भीमसेनभुजाहतम् (bhīmasenabhujāhatam) - struck by Bhīmasena's arm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhīmasenabhujāhata

bhīmasenabhujāhata - struck by Bhīmasena's arm

Adjective derived from Past Passive Participle 'āhata' forming a compound with 'bhīmasenabhuja'.

This is a complex compound where 'āhata' (struck) is modified by 'bhīmasenabhuja' (Bhīmasena's arm). The inner compound 'bhīmasenabhuja' is a genitive tatpuruṣa ('bhīmasenasya bhujaḥ'), and the whole is an instrumental tatpuruṣa meaning 'struck by Bhīmasena's arm'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+bhuja+āhata)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhuja – arm, hand
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, hit, wounded, attacked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike) with prefix 'ā-'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the demon.

सुपरिश्रान्तम् (supariśrāntam) - very much exhausted, exceedingly weary

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of supariśrānta

supariśrānta - very much exhausted, exceedingly weary

Past Passive Participle 'śrānta' with prefixes 'su-' and 'pari-'.

Compound of 'su' (very) and 'pariśrānta' (exhausted). 'pariśrānta' is from 'pari-śram' (to be very weary).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+pariśrānta)

• su – very, exceedingly, well
  indeclinable
• pariśrānta – completely exhausted, utterly weary
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śram' (to be weary) with prefix 'pari-' (completely).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Emphasizes the demon's state.

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having perceived, having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ā-' and root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, to mark), followed by '-ya' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava, literally 'having a dreadful army')

Compound of 'bhīma' (dreadful) and 'senā' (army).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – dreadful, terrible; name of a Pāṇḍava
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• senā – army, host, weapon
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of 'abhyavartata'.

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he turned towards, he advanced, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-vṛt

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Root 'vṛt' (to turn), 1st class, Ātmanepada. Imperfect augment 'a-' + 'vṛt' -> 'avartata'. Prefixed by 'abhi-'. The sandhi of 'abhi + avartata' becomes 'abhyavartata'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)