महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-42

वर्तमाने तदा ताभ्यां बाहुयुद्धे सुदारुणे ।
माद्रीपुत्रावभिक्रुद्धावुभावप्यभ्यधावताम् ॥४२॥

42. vartamāne tadā tābhyāṁ bāhuyuddhe sudāruṇe ,
mādrīputrāvabhikruddhāvubhāvapyabhyadhāvatām.

42. vartamāne tadā tābhyām bāhuyuddhe sudāruṇe
mādrīputrāv abhikruddhāv ubhau api abhyadhāvatām

42. At that time, while that exceedingly fierce hand-to-hand combat was ongoing between the two (Bhīma and the demon), both sons of Mādrī, who were extremely enraged, also rushed forward.

42. בעוד שני אלה מתחבטים בקרב זרועות נורא, שני בני מָאדְרִי (נַקוּלַה וסַהַדֵוַה) זעמו ושניהם רצו קדימה.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (in the present, while occurring, while being)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - between those two (Bhīma and the demon) (by/for/with those two)

• बाहुयुद्धे (bāhuyuddhe) - in a hand-to-hand combat (in a hand-to-hand fight, in a wrestling match)

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly fierce (very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

• माद्रीपुत्राव् (mādrīputrāv) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

• अभिक्रुद्धाव् (abhikruddhāv) - extremely enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Nakula and Sahadeva) (both)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

• अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they rushed forward (they rushed towards, they ran towards)

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (in the present, while occurring, while being)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, occurring

Present Active Participle

Root vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) + śānac suffix; masculine/neuter locative singular or masculine/neuter nominative/accusative dual or feminine nominative/accusative dual

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, agreeing with bāhuyuddhe.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding pratyaya 'dā' to 'tad'

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - between those two (Bhīma and the demon) (by/for/with those two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Bhīma and the demon (Rakshasa).

बाहुयुद्धे (bāhuyuddhe) - in a hand-to-hand combat (in a hand-to-hand fight, in a wrestling match)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bāhuyuddha

bāhuyuddha - hand-to-hand combat, wrestling match

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhu+yuddha)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yudh (to fight) + kta suffix
  Root: yudh (class 4)

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly fierce (very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, extremely cruel

Compound (intensifying prefix su + dāruṇa)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bāhuyuddhe.

माद्रीपुत्राव् (mādrīputrāv) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound noun

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (name of a princess, wife of Pāṇḍu)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अभिक्रुद्धाव् (abhikruddhāv) - extremely enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhikruddha

abhikruddha - enraged, angry at

Past Passive Participle

Root krudh (class 4) + kta suffix, with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with mādrīputrāv.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Nakula and Sahadeva) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in the dual

Note: Agrees with mādrīputrāv.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/particle

अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they rushed forward (they rushed towards, they ran towards)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-dhāv

Imperfect tense, 3rd person dual

Root dhāv (class 1, parasmaipada) with augment 'a' for imperfect and prefix abhi. (a + abhi + dhāvatām) -> (abhyadhāvatām)

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Subject is Mādrīputrāv.

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