महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-42

वर्तमाने तदा ताभ्यां बाहुयुद्धे सुदारुणे ।
माद्रीपुत्रावभिक्रुद्धावुभावप्यभ्यधावताम् ॥४२॥

42. vartamāne tadā tābhyāṁ bāhuyuddhe sudāruṇe ,
mādrīputrāvabhikruddhāvubhāvapyabhyadhāvatām.

42. vartamāne tadā tābhyām bāhuyuddhe sudāruṇe
mādrīputrāv abhikruddhāv ubhau api abhyadhāvatām

42. At that time, while that exceedingly fierce hand-to-hand combat was ongoing between the two (Bhīma and the demon), both sons of Mādrī, who were extremely enraged, also rushed forward.

Words meanings summery:

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (in the present, while occurring, while being)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - between those two (Bhīma and the demon) (by/for/with those two)

• बाहुयुद्धे (bāhuyuddhe) - in a hand-to-hand combat (in a hand-to-hand fight, in a wrestling match)

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly fierce (very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

• माद्रीपुत्राव् (mādrīputrāv) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

• अभिक्रुद्धाव् (abhikruddhāv) - extremely enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Nakula and Sahadeva) (both)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

• अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they rushed forward (they rushed towards, they ran towards)

Words meanings and morphology

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (in the present, while occurring, while being)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, occurring

Present Active Participle

Root vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) + śānac suffix; masculine/neuter locative singular or masculine/neuter nominative/accusative dual or feminine nominative/accusative dual

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, agreeing with bāhuyuddhe.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding pratyaya 'dā' to 'tad'

ताभ्याम् (tābhyām) - between those two (Bhīma and the demon) (by/for/with those two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Bhīma and the demon (Rakshasa).

बाहुयुद्धे (bāhuyuddhe) - in a hand-to-hand combat (in a hand-to-hand fight, in a wrestling match)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bāhuyuddha

bāhuyuddha - hand-to-hand combat, wrestling match

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāhu+yuddha)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• yuddha – fight, battle, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yudh (to fight) + kta suffix
  Root: yudh (class 4)

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - exceedingly fierce (very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly dreadful, extremely cruel

Compound (intensifying prefix su + dāruṇa)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bāhuyuddhe.

माद्रीपुत्राव् (mādrīputrāv) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound noun

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (name of a princess, wife of Pāṇḍu)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

अभिक्रुद्धाव् (abhikruddhāv) - extremely enraged (greatly enraged, very angry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of abhikruddha

abhikruddha - enraged, angry at

Past Passive Participle

Root krudh (class 4) + kta suffix, with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with mādrīputrāv.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Nakula and Sahadeva) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in the dual

Note: Agrees with mādrīputrāv.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/particle

अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they rushed forward (they rushed towards, they ran towards)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-dhāv

Imperfect tense, 3rd person dual

Root dhāv (class 1, parasmaipada) with augment 'a' for imperfect and prefix abhi. (a + abhi + dhāvatām) -> (abhyadhāvatām)

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Subject is Mādrīputrāv.