महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-37

एवमुक्तस्तु भीमेन राक्षसः कालचोदितः ।
भीत उत्सृज्य तान्सर्वान्युद्धाय समुपस्थितः ॥३७॥

37. evamuktastu bhīmena rākṣasaḥ kālacoditaḥ ,
bhīta utsṛjya tānsarvānyuddhāya samupasthitaḥ.

37. evam uktaḥ tu bhīmena rākṣasaḥ kālacoditaḥ
bhītaḥ utsṛjya tān sarvān yuddhāya samupasthitaḥ

37. Thus addressed by Bhīma, the demon (rākṣasa), driven by time (kāla), became frightened. Abandoning all of them, he stood ready for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Hiḍimba, the demon (demon, rākṣasa)

• कालचोदितः (kālacoditaḥ) - urged/impelled by time/death (kāla)

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, giving up

• तान् (tān) - them

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, all of them

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

• समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - stood ready, approached, prepared

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) which changes to 'ukta' in PPP.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle, indicates a slight contrast or continuation.

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava), terrible

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - Hiḍimba, the demon (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कालचोदितः (kālacoditaḥ) - urged/impelled by time/death (kāla)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālacodita

kālacodita - urged by time, driven by fate/death

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (kāla+codita)

• kāla – time, death, fate
  noun (masculine)
• codita – urged, impelled, commanded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'cud' (to urge, impel) with suffix '-kta' (for PPP).
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear) with suffix '-kta' (for PPP).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, giving up

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'sṛj' (to emit, create) with prefix 'ut-' and suffix '-ya' (for absolutive of prefixed verbs).

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating action completed before the main verb.

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'. Refers to his followers or the other members of his group.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, all of them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'tān'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for fighting

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Note: Indicates purpose.

समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - stood ready, approached, prepared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - present, near, ready, approached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'upa-' and suffix '-kta' (for PPP).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (sam+upa+sthita)

• sam – together, completely, well
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix
• upa – near, towards
  indeclinable
  Verbal prefix
• sthita – stood, situated, being
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix '-kta' (for PPP).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaḥ'. Used as a predicate adjective with an implied 'was'.