महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-51

तस्मिन्देशे यदा वृक्षाः सर्व एव निपातिताः ।
पुञ्जीकृताश्च शतशः परस्परवधेप्सया ॥५१॥

51. tasmindeśe yadā vṛkṣāḥ sarva eva nipātitāḥ ,
puñjīkṛtāśca śataśaḥ parasparavadhepsayā.

51. tasmin deśe yadā vṛkṣāḥ sarve eva nipātitāḥ
puñjīkṛtāḥ ca śataśaḥ parasparavadhepsayā

51. When all the trees in that region had been knocked down and piled up in hundreds, because of their mutual desire to kill each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• देशे (deśe) - in the place, in the region

• यदा (yadā) - when

• वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, completely

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - knocked down, uprooted, fallen

• पुञ्जीकृताः (puñjīkṛtāḥ) - piled up, accumulated

• च (ca) - and

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• परस्परवधेप्सया (parasparavadhepsayā) - with the desire to kill each other, due to their mutual desire to kill

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Qualifies 'deśe'.

देशे (deśe) - in the place, in the region

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - place, region, country

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'vṛkṣāḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, completely

(indeclinable)

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - knocked down, uprooted, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - felled, thrown down, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle

From verb root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ni', causative 'pāti', forming a past passive participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

पुञ्जीकृताः (puñjīkṛtāḥ) - piled up, accumulated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puñjīkṛta

puñjīkṛta - piled up, heaped, accumulated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'puñja' (heap) + 'kṛ' (to make) with 'ī' suffix, forming a past passive participle.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'śaḥ' appended to 'śata' (hundred) indicating distribution or manner.

परस्परवधेप्सया (parasparavadhepsayā) - with the desire to kill each other, due to their mutual desire to kill

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of parasparavadhepsā

parasparavadhepsā - desire for mutual killing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+vadha+īpsā)

• paraspara – mutual, each other
  pronoun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• īpsā – desire, wish
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from the desiderative stem of the verb 'āp' (to obtain).
  Root: āp (class 5)