महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-154, verse-45

इत्येवमुक्त्वा तौ वीरौ स्पर्धमानौ परस्परम् ।
बाहुभिः समसज्जेतामुभौ रक्षोवृकोदरौ ॥४५॥

45. ityevamuktvā tau vīrau spardhamānau parasparam ,
bāhubhiḥ samasajjetāmubhau rakṣovṛkodarau.

45. iti evam uktvā tau vīrau spardhamānau parasparam
bāhubhiḥ samasajjetām ubhau rakṣovṛkodarau

45. Having thus spoken, those two heroes, challenging each other, namely the demon and Vṛkodara, engaged in combat with their arms.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

• तौ (tau) - those two (the demon and Vṛkodara) (those two)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - heroes (heroes, brave ones)

• स्पर्धमानौ (spardhamānau) - challenging each other (competing, challenging, vying with)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (mutually, reciprocally, each other)

• बाहुभिः (bāhubhiḥ) - with their arms (by arms, with arms)

• समसज्जेताम् (samasajjetām) - they engaged in combat (they became engaged, they joined in conflict)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (the demon and Vṛkodara) (both)

• रक्षोवृकोदरौ (rakṣovṛkodarau) - the demon and Vṛkodara

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark quotations.

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root vac (to speak) + ktvā suffix. Initial 'v' becomes 'u'.

Root: vac (class 2)

तौ (tau) - those two (the demon and Vṛkodara) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the demon (Rakshasa) and Vṛkodara.

वीरौ (vīrau) - heroes (heroes, brave ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful man

Note: Agrees with 'tau' and 'rakṣovṛkodarau'.

स्पर्धमानौ (spardhamānau) - challenging each other (competing, challenging, vying with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, rivaling, challenging

Present Active Participle

Root spardh (class 1, ātmanepada) + śānac suffix. Masculine nominative dual.

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau' and 'rakṣovṛkodarau'.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (mutually, reciprocally, each other)

(indeclinable)

Compound adjective, often used adverbially. Accusative singular neuter form.

Compound type : dvandva (para+apara)

• para – other, supreme
  pronoun (masculine)
• apara – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

बाहुभिः (bāhubhiḥ) - with their arms (by arms, with arms)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāhu

bāhu - arm

u-stem noun.

समसज्जेताम् (samasajjetām) - they engaged in combat (they became engaged, they joined in conflict)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-sañj

Imperfect tense, 3rd person dual, middle voice

Root sañj (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefix sam. Imperfect augment 'a' is prefixed.

Prefix: sam

Root: sañj (class 1)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (the demon and Vṛkodara) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always used in the dual.

Note: Emphasizes both participants.

रक्षोवृकोदरौ (rakṣovṛkodarau) - the demon and Vṛkodara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rakṣovṛkodara

rakṣovṛkodara - the demon and Vṛkodara (Bhīma)

Compound noun

Compound type : dvandva (rakṣas+vṛkodara)

• rakṣas – demon, evil spirit
  noun (neuter)
• vṛkodara – Vṛkodara (Bhīma)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose belly is like a wolf's.