महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-96, verse-42

भीष्म उवाच ।
ततस्तु तैः शपथैः शप्यमानैर्नानाविधैर्बहुभिः कौरवेन्द्र ।
सहस्राक्षो देवराट्संप्रहृष्टः समीक्ष्य तं कोपनं विप्रमुख्यम् ॥४२॥

42. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tatastu taiḥ śapathaiḥ śapyamānai;rnānāvidhairbahubhiḥ kauravendra ,
sahasrākṣo devarāṭsaṁprahṛṣṭaḥ; samīkṣya taṁ kopanaṁ vipramukhyam.

42. bhīṣma uvāca tatas tu taiḥ śapathaiḥ
śapyamānaiḥ nānāvidhaiḥ bahubhiḥ
kauravendra sahasrākṣaḥ devarāṭ samprahṛṣṭaḥ
samīkṣya tam kopanam vipramukhyam

42. bhīṣma uvāca kauravendra tatas tu taiḥ
nānāvidhaiḥ bahubhiḥ śapathaiḥ
śapyamānaiḥ sahasrākṣaḥ devarāṭ tam kopanam
vipramukhyam samīkṣya samprahṛṣṭaḥ

42. Bhishma said: "Then, O lord of the Kurus, as those numerous and various oaths were being sworn, the thousand-eyed Indra, king of the gods, was greatly delighted upon seeing that angry chief of brahmins."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• शपथैः (śapathaiḥ) - by oaths, by vows

• शप्यमानैः (śapyamānaiḥ) - by those being sworn, by those being invoked (oaths)

• नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - by various kinds, by manifold (oaths)

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, by numerous (oaths)

• कौरवेन्द्र (kauravendra) - Addressed to Yudhishthira or Dhritarashtra (O lord of the Kurus)

• सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra, the king of gods (the thousand-eyed one)

• देवराट् (devarāṭ) - Indra, the king of gods (king of gods)

• सम्प्रहृष्टः (samprahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted, overjoyed

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having seen

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• कोपनम् (kopanam) - Refers to the sage Durvāsas, known for his anger (angry, irascible)

• विप्रमुख्यम् (vipramukhyam) - Refers to the sage Durvāsas (chief of brahmins, foremost brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru elder)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root 'vac', 3rd person singular, perfect active, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततस् (tatas) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'śapathaiḥ'.

शपथैः (śapathaiḥ) - by oaths, by vows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śapatha

śapatha - oath, curse, vow

Root: śap (class 1)

शप्यमानैः (śapyamānaiḥ) - by those being sworn, by those being invoked (oaths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śapyamāna

śapyamāna - being sworn, being cursed, being invoked

present passive participle

From root 'śap' (to swear, curse) in passive voice, 'yamāna' suffix

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śapathaiḥ'.

नानाविधैः (nānāvidhaiḥ) - by various kinds, by manifold (oaths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nānāvidha

nānāvidha - of various kinds, manifold, diverse

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nānā+vidha)

• nānā – various, manifold
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śapathaiḥ'.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many, by numerous (oaths)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Agrees with 'śapathaiḥ'.

कौरवेन्द्र (kauravendra) - Addressed to Yudhishthira or Dhritarashtra (O lord of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravendra

kauravendra - lord of the Kurus, chief of the Kauravas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+indra)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, also his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra
  noun (masculine)

सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra, the king of gods (the thousand-eyed one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sahasra+akṣi)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Indra.

देवराट् (devarāṭ) - Indra, the king of gods (king of gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devarāj

devarāj - king of gods (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rājan)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Indra.

सम्प्रहृष्टः (samprahṛṣṭaḥ) - greatly delighted, overjoyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samprahṛṣṭa

samprahṛṣṭa - greatly delighted, rejoiced, exhilarated

past passive participle

From root 'hṛṣ' with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'sahasrākṣaḥ devarāṭ'.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Agrees with 'kopanam' and 'vipramukhyam'.

कोपनम् (kopanam) - Refers to the sage Durvāsas, known for his anger (angry, irascible)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopana

kopana - angry, irascible, causing anger

From root 'kup' (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'vipramukhyam'.

विप्रमुख्यम् (vipramukhyam) - Refers to the sage Durvāsas (chief of brahmins, foremost brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipramukhya

vipramukhya - chief of brahmins, foremost brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipra+mukhya)

• vipra – brahmin, inspired, priest
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vip (class 1)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Durvāsas.