महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-96, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्रैवोदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
यद्वृत्तं तीर्थयात्रायां शपथं प्रति तच्छृणु ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
yadvṛttaṁ tīrthayātrāyāṁ śapathaṁ prati tacchṛṇu.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra eva udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
yat vṛttam tīrthayātrāyām śapatham prati tat śṛṇu

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra eva purātanam imam itihāsam udāharanti
tat śṛṇu yat śapatham prati tīrthayātrāyām vṛttam

1. Bhishma said: "Concerning this, they indeed narrate this ancient story. Listen to what occurred during a pilgrimage regarding an oath."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this regard

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they narrate

• इमम् (imam) - this (masculine singular accusative)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, epic

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• यत् (yat) - what, which (neuter singular nominative/accusative)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened, occurred, story, event

• तीर्थयात्रायाम् (tīrthayātrāyām) - during a pilgrimage

• शपथम् (śapatham) - an oath, a vow

• प्रति (prati) - regarding, concerning, towards

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter singular accusative)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen!

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form (liṭ-lakāra), 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this regard

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they narrate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ud-ā-hṛ

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, epic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, epic (like Mahābhārata)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

यत् (yat) - what, which (neuter singular nominative/accusative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened, occurred, story, event

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, story, event, conduct

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn). Used here as a noun meaning 'what happened'.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तीर्थयात्रायाम् (tīrthayātrāyām) - during a pilgrimage

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tīrthayātrā

tīrthayātrā - pilgrimage, journey to a holy place

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīrtha+yātrā)

• tīrtha – holy place, pilgrimage site, ford
  noun (neuter)
• yātrā – journey, procession, pilgrimage
  noun (feminine)

शपथम् (śapatham) - an oath, a vow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śapatha

śapatha - oath, vow, curse

प्रति (prati) - regarding, concerning, towards

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (neuter singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)